Regulatory Functions of Phospholipase A2

Interaction between neurone and microglia mediated by platelet‐activating factor

“…The rapid degradation of the synthesized PAF (Fig. 1A) indicates the presence of PAF-AH and also other phospholipases (Murakami et al 1997) in the neuronal culture or membrane. The synthesis and degradation of PAF might therefore be stringently regulated by glutamic acid stimulation.…”

The bovine papillomavirus type 1 E6 oncoprotein sensitizes cells to tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis

“…There is considerable evidence that TNF cytolysis requires the activation of PLA 2 (for review see Krajcsi et al (1996). Mammalian cells generally contain multiple isoforms of PLA 2 that can be classsi®ed into three large groups, namely, secretory (sPLA 2 ), cytosolic (cPLA 2 ), and calcium-independent PLA 2s (Murakami et al, 1997). Phospholipase A 2 speci®cally cleaves AA from the sn2 position of membrane phospholipid, which is thereby released from the cells (Clark et al, 1991;Durstin et al, 1994;Hoeck et al, 1993).…”

Interactions between Schwann cells and macrophages in injury and inherited demyelinating disease

“…As myelin is a lipid-rich membrane, lipases could play an important role in its breakdown. There is evidence from cell culture studies indicating that several chemokines and cytokines, such as MCP-1, TNFa, and IL1b, stimulate the expression of members of the phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) family in a variety of cell types (Murakami et al, 1997). The PLA 2 family consists of both intracellular and secreted forms.…”

“…The David laboratory has reported that one form of the intracellular, calcium dependent PLA 2 (cPLA 2 group IVA) and the secreted PLA 2 (sPLA 2 group IIA) are expressed in Schwann cells as early as 5 h after sciatic nerve crush injury, which was the earliest timepoint assessed (De et al, 2003). PLA 2 s hydrolyze membrane phospholipids to release the fatty acid at the sn-2 position and generate a lysophospholipid (Dennis, 2000;Murakami et al, 1997). The hydrolysis by PLA 2 of phosphotidylcholine, which is rich in myelin membranes will result in the production of lysophosphotidylcholine (LPC), an agent that has potent myelinolytic activity (Gregson and Hall, 1973;Hall and Gregson, 1971;Larsen et al, 2003;Ousman and David, 2000).…”