Regulatory effect of paraprobioticLactobacillus gasseriCP2305 on gut environment and function

Abstract

BackgroundLactobacillus gasseri CP2305 (CP2305) is a strain of Lactobacillus isolated from a stool sample from a healthy adult that showed beneficial effects on health as a paraprobiotic. In a previous study, we demonstrated that CP2305-fermented heat-treated milk modified gut functions more than artificially acidified sour milk. Thus, the regulatory activity of the former beverage was attributed to the inactivated CP2305 cells.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to elucidate the contribution of non-viable paraprobiotic CP2305 cells to regulating human gut functions. We thus conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded parallel group trial.DesignThe trial included 118 healthy participants with relatively low or high stool frequencies. The test beverage was prepared by adding 1×1010 washed, heat-treated, and dried CP2305 cells directly to the placebo beverage. The participants ingested a bottle of the assigned beverage daily for 3 weeks and answered daily questionnaires about defecation and quality of life. Fecal samples were collected and the fecal characteristics, microbial metabolite contents of the feces and composition of fecal microbiota were evaluated.ResultsThe number of evacuations and the scores for fecal odors were significantly improved in the group that consumed the CP2305-containing beverage compared with those of the group that consumed the placebo (p=0.035 and p=0.040, respectively). Regarding the fecal contents of microbial metabolites, the level of fecal p-cresol was significantly decreased in the CP2305 group relative to that of the placebo group (p=0.013). The Bifidobacterium content of the intestinal microbiota was significantly increased in the CP2305 group relative to that of the placebo group (p<0.008), whereas the content of Clostridium cluster IV was significantly decreased (p<0.003). The parasympathetic nerve activity of the autonomic nervous system became dominant and the total power of autonomic activity was elevated in the CP2305 group (p=0.0401 and p=0.011, respectively).ConclusionsThe continuous ingestion of heat-treated CP2305 cells clearly affected intestinal functionality. This is the first report of sterilized Lactobacillus cells having a significant impact on the environment and functions of the intestinal tract. The observed effects might be due, at least in part, to the brain–gut interaction.

Antidepressive Mechanisms of Probiotics and Their Therapeutic Potential

“…Moreover, heat-killed L. gasseri intake promoted parasympathetic nerve activity while improving sleep quality of stressed individuals (Nishida et al, 2017b). In healthy individuals, administration of either live or heat-killed L. gasseri increased their parasympathetic activity (Otomi et al, 2015;Sugawara et al, 2016). Therefore, L. gasseri may modify the gut microbiota profile in such a way that lowers gut inflammation and stress response, which may consequently promote parasympathetic activity to facilitate sleep (Figure 2C).…”

“…Taken together, these results suggest that heat-killed L. gasseri does not have a specific microbial target, but rather modifies the preexisting gut microbiota that is unique to each individual. Nevertheless, these changes in the gut microbiota composition favor an anti-inflammatory state Sugawara et al, 2016;Nishida et al, 2017a). L. gasseri likely alters the gut microbiota profile through its unique, heat-resistant gassericins A and T with potent antibacterial properties against enteric pathogens (Pandey et al, 2013).…”

Effects of dietary intake of heat-inactivated <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> CP2305 on stress-induced behavioral and molecular changes in a subchronic and mild social defeat stress mouse model

“…L. gasseri strain CP2305, a probiotic strain originating from a healthy human adult, was used in this study (25). A nonviable CP2305 cell preparation was obtained as previously described (34). A powder-formed AIN-93G diet (Oriental Yeast, Tokyo, Kanagawa, Japan) was supplemented with freeze-dried CP2305 cell preparation.…”

“…1). The method followed was similar to that published previously (16, maintenance and promotion of health, including improved bowel habits and intestinal environment (32,34), which in turn improve irritable bowel syndrome (26), stress-related symptoms, and sleep quality (25). However, no evidence has been obtained regarding the benefits of CP2305 in social defeat stress-induced abnormalities in animal depression models.…”

Probiotic foods: Benefits to the cereal based Sri Lankan diet

“…Recently, more studies on human subjects have investigated the role of paraprobiotics. For instance, Sugawara et al, (2016) investigated the role of a heattreated strain of Lactobacillus gasseri given daily in a beverage to get 10 10 cells per day, to a group of adults in a randomized placebo controlled study design, and noted the benefits as preventing the degeneration of quality of life and the occurrence of lifestyle-related diseases. In another randomized control trial on obese human subjects where a strain of heat-killed Lactobacillus amylovorus was given on a daily basis in a beverage for 12 weeks, a reduction of obesity was noted (Nakamura et al, 2016).…”