Regulatory Effect of Bacillus subtilis on Cytokines of Dendritic Cells in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella)

Abstract

Bacillus subtilis is a common group of probiotics that have been widely used in the feed industry as they can increase host resistance to pathogens and balance the immune response. However, the regulatory mechanism of Bacillus subtilis on the host immune system remains unclear in teleosts. In this study, we isolated and enriched dendritic cells from white blood cells (WBCs), and then stimulated them with Bacillus subtilis. Morphological features, specific biological functions, and authorized functional molecular markers were used in the identification of dendritic cells. Subsequently, we collected stimulated cells at 0, 4, and 18 h, and then constructed and sequenced the transcriptomic libraries. A transcriptome analysis showed that 2557 genes were up-regulated and 1708 were down-regulated at 4 h compared with the control group (|Fold Change| ≥ 4), and 1131 genes were up-regulated and 1769 were down-regulated between the cells collected at 18 h and 4 h (|Fold Change| ≥ 4). Gene Ontology (GO) annotations suggested many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (p < 0.05 and |Fold Change| ≥ 4) were involved in immune-related biological functions including immune system progress, cytokine receptor binding, and cytokine binding. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction pathways were significantly enriched at both time points (p < 0.05), which may play a key role in the response to stimulation. Furthermore, mRNA expression level examination of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) indicated that their expressions can be significantly increased in Bacillus subtili, which suggest that Bacillus subtilis can balance immune response and tolerance. This study provides dendritic cell (DC)-specific transcriptome data in grass carp by Bacillus subtilis stimulation, allowing us to illustrate the molecular mechanism of the DC-mediated immune response triggered by probiotics in grass carp.

Effect of dietary Clostridium butyricum and different feeding patterns on growth performance, antioxidant and immune capacity in freshwater prawn ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii )

“…Probiotics are capable of controlling cytokines production (pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory) that balances the immune response (Dong, Rowland, & Yaqoob, 2014; Zhou et al., 2019) However, at present, information on the immunomodulatory effects of C. butyricum on shrimp is scarce. In this respect, the haemolymph inflammatory cytokine parameters (INF‐γ, TNFα, IL‐1, and IL‐6) and intestinal expression of IKK‐β, toll and dorsal genes of M. rosenbergii were tested.…”

“…Probiotics are capable of controlling cytokines production (pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory) that balances the immune response (Dong, Rowland, & Yaqoob, 2014;Zhou et al, 2019) butyricum supplementation protected the cells from inflammation that could have resulted in oxidative damage, and also inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway. This can be backed by the fact that tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, generated when an acute inflammation happens and is also accountable for multiple cellular signals, leading to necrosis/apoptosis (Beck & Habicht, 1996;Schoenborn & Wilson, 2007;Schroder, Hertzog, Ravasi, & Hume, 2004).…”

The Combination of Bacillus Subtilis wt55 with AiiO-AIO6 Improve the Resistance of Zebrafish to Aeromonas Veronii Infection by Simple Collocation Rather Than B. Subtilis Quorum-Quenching Recombinant Expression Strain

“…This work provides the evidence that B. subtilis can directly regulate in ammatory response and lysozyme transcription of zebra sh larvae, suggesting that the immune-activating effect of B. subtilis is self-related. Previous studies also have shown that B. subtilis stimulated dendritic cells of grass carp, and several pro-in ammatory cytokines and antiin ammatory cytokines genes expressions are signi cantly increased (Zhou et al 2019). In addition, the intestinal microbiota induced by dietary additive also has a positive effect on host immune response.…”

Probiotic feeding effect of Bacillus subtilis on broilers chicks’ microflora, TLRs and interleukin gene expression

“…A total of 240 crossbred broiler chickens were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 3 replicates. The groups were named as control group (basal diet), group (BD with 300 g/d BS,1.08×107 CFU/kg), group (BD with 600 g/d BS, 2.16×107 CFU/kg), and group (BD with 900 g/d BS, 3.24×107 CFU/kg). Samples were collected at the 21st day.…”