Regulatory aspects, risk assessment, and toxicity associated with RNAi and CRISPR methods

Ahmad, Shakeel; Shahzad, Rahil; Jamil, Shakra; Tabassum, Javaria; Chaudhary, Muddassir Ayaz Mahmood; Atif, Rana Muhammad; Iqbal, Muhammad Munir; Monsur, Mahmuda Binte; Lv, Yusong; Sheng, Zhonghua; Luo, Jianxun; Wei, Xiaosheng; Tang, Shaoqing

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821910-2.00013-8

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…RNAi provides a platform for the incorporation of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and delivery of quality food through biofortification and bio-elimination. It is widely used for nutritional quality enhancement of crops and removal of food allergens and contaminants (126,127). The following sections cover some examples of the use of RNAi for the biofortification of cereals and pulses.…”

Section: Rna Interferencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various types of SSNs, i.e., TALENs, ZFNs, and CRISPR-Cas system are used for plant genome editing (133). Genome editing through CRISPR involves Cas9/13, RNA-guided DNA endonucleases guided by a short guided RNA (sgRNA) resulting in a complex at the target site for targeted gene editing (Figure 2) (127,134). Genome editing was exploited less for biofortification of cereals and pulses; however, some highlighted examples are discussed below.…”

Section: Genome Editingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been ordered by the European court of justice to put CRISPR edited crops under GMO regulation which has complicated the commercialization and trade relation of the European and other countries' markets. Therefore, the dependency of technology adoption and its success is based on not only the evidence and scientific methods but also the non-government agencies, regulators, and consumers' acceptance (127,134,154).…”

Section: Regulatory Aspects Of Varieties Developed Through Nbtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As far as its regulation is considered, the U.S. and Canada have already declared the GE crops free from the GM regulations; however, debate is still ongoing in the E.U. with expected positive outcomes (127,159,160). GE crops are free from transgene, hence these should be regulated like conventional breeding products globally and should reach a maximum consumer for obtaining maximum benefits of technology in a shorter possible time (127).…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…with expected positive outcomes (127,159,160). GE crops are free from transgene, hence these should be regulated like conventional breeding products globally and should reach a maximum consumer for obtaining maximum benefits of technology in a shorter possible time (127).…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biofortification of Cereals and Pulses Using New Breeding Techniques: Current and Future Perspectives

et al. 2021

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Cereals and pulses are consumed as a staple food in low-income countries for the fulfillment of daily dietary requirements and as a source of micronutrients. However, they are failing to offer balanced nutrition due to deficiencies of some essential compounds, macronutrients, and micronutrients, i.e., cereals are deficient in iron, zinc, some essential amino acids, and quality proteins. Meanwhile, the pulses are rich in anti-nutrient compounds that restrict the bioavailability of micronutrients. As a result, the population is suffering from malnutrition and resultantly different diseases, i.e., anemia, beriberi, pellagra, night blindness, rickets, and scurvy are common in the society. These facts highlight the need for the biofortification of cereals and pulses for the provision of balanced diets to masses and reduction of malnutrition. Biofortification of crops may be achieved through conventional approaches or new breeding techniques (NBTs). Conventional approaches for biofortification cover mineral fertilization through foliar or soil application, microbe-mediated enhanced uptake of nutrients, and conventional crossing of plants to obtain the desired combination of genes for balanced nutrient uptake and bioavailability. Whereas, NBTs rely on gene silencing, gene editing, overexpression, and gene transfer from other species for the acquisition of balanced nutritional profiles in mutant plants. Thus, we have highlighted the significance of conventional and NBTs for the biofortification of cereals and pulses. Current and future perspectives and opportunities are also discussed. Further, the regulatory aspects of newly developed biofortified transgenic and/or non-transgenic crop varieties via NBTs are also presented.

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Section: Rna Interferencementioning

confidence: 99%