Regulators and signalling in insect haemocyte immunity

Marmaras, Vassilis J.; Lampropoulou, Maria

doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.08.014

Cited by 208 publications

(157 citation statements)

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“…Virulence depends on the Dot/Icm T4SS, and bacteria seem to reside and replicate in a typical LCV. Future advances in our knowledge about the G. mellonella immune gene repertoire (50), cell death pathways (25), and hemocyte biology (28,30), together with initiatives to advance RNA interference systems in Lepidoptera spp. (49), will further increase the value of G. mellonella as an infection model which could potentially be used to study the role of Dot/Icm T4SS effectors, the T2SS, and other factors in the virulence of Legionella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…L. pneumophila replicates in D. melanogaster and kills the flies in a Dot/Icm T4SS-dependent manner (27). The human and insect innate immune systems demonstrate many similarities (24,29), with most insect species containing specialized cells known as hemocytes that phagocytose pathogens and form aggregates which encapsulate and neutralize foreign microorganisms (30). Moreover, activated hemocytes can trigger a phenoloxidase (PO) melanization cascade, leading to physical restriction of intruders and the production of antimicrobial compounds (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Legionella pneumophila Pathogenesis in the Galleria mellonella Infection Model

et al. 2012

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bLegionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular human pathogen and the etiological agent of severe pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease. Its virulence depends on protein secretion systems, in particular, the Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS), which is essential to establish a replication-permissive vacuole in macrophages. The analysis of the role of these systems and their substrates for pathogenesis requires easy-to-use models which approximate human infection. We examined the effectiveness of the larvae of the wax moth Galleria mellonella as a new model for L. pneumophila infection. We found that the L. pneumophila strains 130b, Paris, and JR32 caused mortality of the G. mellonella larvae that was strain, infectious dose, growth phase, and T4SS dependent. Wild-type L. pneumophila persisted and replicated within the larvae, whereas T4SS mutants were rapidly cleared. L. pneumophila strain Lp02, which is attenuated in the absence of thymidine but has a functional T4SS, resisted clearance in G. mellonella up to 18 h postinfection without inducing mortality. Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed that L. pneumophila resided within insect hemocytes in a vacuole that ultrastructurally resembled the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV) observed in macrophages. The vacuole was decorated with the T4SS effector and LCV marker SidC. Infection caused severe damage to the insect organs and triggered immune responses, including activation of the phenoloxidase cascade leading to melanization, nodule formation, and upregulation of antimicrobial peptides. Taken together, these results suggest that G. mellonella provides an effective model to investigate the interaction between L. pneumophila and the host.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Legionella pneumophila Pathogenesis in the Galleria mellonella Infection Model

et al. 2012

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“…This system is highly developed and comprises cellular and humoral components that can be activated by the invasion of foreign bodies, including pathogens (Gillespie et al, 1997). Recognition by the host of pathogen-associated molecular patterns triggers signaling cascades, which activate immune cells and the transcription of antimicrobial peptides that trap or kill pathogens (Marmaras & Lampropoulou, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial activity of lysozyme in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Mohamed¹,

Elmogy²,

Dorrah³

et al. 2013

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The ability of biocontrol agents to overcome the immune defense of pests is a crucial issue. This is the first study of lysozyme activity as an inducible humoral component of the defense of Schistocerca gregaria, which depends on the recognition of the elicitor molecules of pathogens and not on epidermal wounding or a spiking effect. The level of lysozyme activity in fat body, haemocytes and haemolymph plasma of naïve and immunologically challenged 5 th instar S. gregaria was evaluated using the zone of inhibition test against Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as peptidoglycans (PGN) and lipopolysacchrides (LPS) of bacterial cell walls induce and increase in the level of lysozyme activity. Escherichia coli induced an increase in the level of activity of lysozyme in the fat body, haemocytes and plasma, but not in mid gut epithelium, 6-12 h after an immunological challenge and then it decreased to the constitutive level after 72 h. This study revealed that in S. gregaria there is a constitutive and a bacteria-inducible level of lysozyme activity, which protects it against infection by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

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“…45 The significance of its reduced abundance in antibiotic-treated aphids remains to be established definitively, but it is probably linked to the slow growth and small size of these insects. Second, proteins with a C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD proteins) are broadly implicated in immune function, including protection from pathogens, 46,47 and the over-representation of the CTLD protein in antibiotictreated aphids raises the possibility that suppression of this defensive function may contribute to the persistence of the symbiosis. Finally, the over-representation of regucalcin in antibiotic-treated aphids is intriguing because this protein has recently been reported in the saliva of untreated aphids and may play a role in the suppression of Ca 2+ -mediated plant defenses against aphid feeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Metabonomic−Proteomic Analysis of an Insect−Bacterial Symbiotic System

et al. 2010

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The health of animals, including humans, is dependent on their resident microbiota, but the complexity of the microbial communities makes these associations difficult to study in most animals. Exceptionally, the microbiology of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum is dominated by a single bacterium Buchnera aphidicola (B. aphidicola). A 1 H NMR-based metabonomic strategy was applied to investigate metabolic profiles of aphids fed on a low essential amino acid diet and treated by antibiotic to eliminate B. aphidicola. In addition, differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) with mass spectrometry was utilized to determine the alterations of proteins induced by these treatments. We found that these perturbations resulted in significant changes to the abundance of 15 metabolites and 238 proteins. Ten (67%) of the metabolites with altered abundance were amino acids, with nonessential amino acids increased and essential amino acids decreased by both perturbations. Over-represented proteins in the perturbed treatments included catabolic enzymes with roles in amino acid degradation and glycolysis, various cuticular proteins, and a C-type lectin and regucalcin with candidate defensive roles. This analysis demonstrates the central role of essential amino acid production in the relationship and identifies candidate proteins and processes underpinning the function and persistence of the association.

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Regulators and signalling in insect haemocyte immunity

Cited by 208 publications

References 151 publications

Legionella pneumophila Pathogenesis in the Galleria mellonella Infection Model

Legionella pneumophila Pathogenesis in the Galleria mellonella Infection Model

Antibacterial activity of lysozyme in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Integrated Metabonomic−Proteomic Analysis of an Insect−Bacterial Symbiotic System

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