Regulation of Wnt signaling by non-coding RNAs during osteoblast differentiation

Circ_ST6GAL1-mediated competing endogenous RNA network regulates TGF-β1-stimulated matrix Metalloproteinase-13 expression via Runx2 acetylation in osteoblasts

“…Any mutations in the Runx2 gene can cause CCD, a crucial transcription factor required for bone development [ 12 , 38 ]. Runx2 activity can be regulated by a number of signaling pathways (TGF-β, BMP, PTH, and Wnt) [ 5 , [39] , [40] , [41] ] and several phytocompounds (diosmin and sinapic acid) [ 42 , 43 ]. Our earlier findings showed that Runx2 undergoes post-translational modifications (phosphorylation and acetylation), in response to TGF-β1 stimulation in osteoblasts [ 10 , 15 ].…”

“…To maintain bone homeostasis, the balance between bone resorption and formation must be maintained [ 1 ]. Bone remodeling involves five steps (activation, resorption, reversal, formation, and mineralization [ 2 , 3 ] and requires several growth factors, hormones, and cytokines to regulate associated signaling cascades [ 4 , 5 ]. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a crucial cytokine in the bone [ 6 ].…”

A potential function for MicroRNA-124 in normal and pathological bone conditions

“…Osteoclasts aid in bone resorption through acidification and proteolysis of bone mineral matrix [ 8 , 9 ]. Various signaling pathways, including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) [ 10 ], parathyroid hormone (PTH) [ 11 , 12 ], wingless integration site (Wnt) [ 13 , 14 ], and neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 (NOTCH) [ 15 ], regulate bone remodeling at the molecular level. The NF-κB (RANK)/RANK ligand/osteoprotegerin and Wnt signaling pathways are the main pathways controlling bone breakdown by osteoclasts and bone growth by osteoblasts [ 16 ].…”

“…In recent years, endogenous and exogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been reported to regulate multiple signaling pathways in bone biology [ 13 , 28 , 29 ]. ncRNAs do not code for proteins directly but regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.…”

Comparison of three different lactic acid bacteria-fermented proteins on RAW 264.7 osteoclast and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast differentiation

“…Osteoporosis occurs due to the imbalanced action of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, which decreases skeletal stability through disruption of bone formation and resorption 1,2 . Osteoblasts originate from mesenchymal stem cell precursors and regulate bone formation during remodeling or healing, whereas osteoclasts originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells 3 . Osteocytes, the principal mechanosensory cells of bone tissue, are terminally differentiated osteoblasts that maintain bone structure by contributing to the bone remodeling process by balancing the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts 4 .…”