2009
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2008.07.080
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Regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell expression and function of matrix metalloproteinases is mediated by estrogen and progesterone exposure

Abstract: Estrogen and progesterone affects the MMP pathway by increasing MMP-2 enzymatic activity, possibly via the upregulation of MT1-MMP expression without a corresponding increase in TIMP expression. This increased collagenase activity increases VSMC motility and their ability to migrate through a collagen type IV lattice. Est/Prog upregulation of MT1-MMP may contribute to the adverse effect of HRT on vascular interventions.

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Cited by 49 publications
(42 citation statements)
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References 32 publications
(37 reference statements)
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“…The reasons for this gender difference are not clear, and several factors have been proposed as possible causes of this phenomenon. Hormones may be an important factor, and MMPs have been found to be targets under hormonal control in previous studies [26,27] . MMP gene expression could be regulated by hormones [28] , which are quite different between men and women.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…The reasons for this gender difference are not clear, and several factors have been proposed as possible causes of this phenomenon. Hormones may be an important factor, and MMPs have been found to be targets under hormonal control in previous studies [26,27] . MMP gene expression could be regulated by hormones [28] , which are quite different between men and women.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Endocrine changes, particularly the elevations in relaxin and estrogen characteristic of mammalian pregnancy, may exert a synergistic effect, as both hormones have been implicated in MMP regulation and activation in the pregnant state (30,35). Further, MMP activation is essential in blood-flow-mediated vascular enlargement, potentially through an estrogen-mediated mechanism where increased estrogen increases MT1-MMP and MMP-2 expression (20,35,63).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Their study attributed the attenuation of IH to cell cycle arrest of VSMCs and the resulting inhibition of VSMC proliferation. Our group has previously demonstrated a direct association with the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone on MMP-modulated ECM degradation, VSMC migration, and IH [10,12,13]. In the present study, we investigated the role of testosterone in the modulation of MMP regulatory mechanisms we have shown to be hormonally responsive and examined the influence of testosterone levels on the cellular processes of IH development.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 90%