Regulation of Vaginal Microbiome by Nitric Oxide

Yeruva, Taj; Lee, Chi H

doi:10.2174/1389201020666190207092850

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 189 publications

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“…The gut microbiota can communicate with the brain either directly, via different signaling molecules, or indirectly, via the gut-brain axis through microbe-derived neuroactive molecules. Similarly, the brain can modulate the microbiome either directly or via modifications of the gut microbial environment using gut-derived neuronal, immune, or neuroendocrine molecules [30,31].…”

Section: The Human Microbiome and Its Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This axis is essential for understanding numerous diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome [7] and functional dyspepsia, but it also may play a key role in the understanding of the pathophysiology of several digestive, psychiatric, and neurological disorders [30,31].…”

Section: The Human Microbiome and Its Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to the gut-brain axis, the gut-vagina axis has been argued to have an essential role in female health and reproductive outcomes (conception and birth) [31,32]. Several studies have already confirmed that the gut and genital tract microbiota of females represent very complex biological ecosystems that are in continuous communication with each other.…”

Section: The Human Microbiome and Its Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the main mechanisms of PBM is its ability to induce photo-dissociation of NO from heme proteins, leading to energy metabolism modulation by reducing oxygen consumption (Figure 3). NO is a central signaling molecule of biological systems that, in addition to involvement in vasodilation, endothelial function, anti-aggregation of platelets, nerve transmission, host defenses, and cellular energy, also functions as the main component of the vaginal immune response to BV [31]. It was also observed that alterations in commensal bacteria trigger the release of hsp70 into the extracellular matrix, which subsequently induces an increase in NO levels.…”

Section: Potential Applications For the Vaginal Microbiome (Vmb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Insights into Photobiomodulation of the Vaginal Microbiome—A Critical Review

Santos,

Carvalhos,

Figueiredo-Dias

2023

IJMS

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The development of new technologies such as sequencing has greatly enhanced our understanding of the human microbiome. The interactions between the human microbiome and the development of several diseases have been the subject of recent research. In-depth knowledge about the vaginal microbiome (VMB) has shown that dysbiosis is closely related to the development of gynecologic and obstetric disorders. To date, the progress in treating or modulating the VMB has lagged far behind research efforts. Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses low levels of light, usually red or near-infrared, to treat a diversity of conditions. Several studies have demonstrated that PBM can control the microbiome and improve the activity of the immune system. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the microbiome, mostly to the gut microbiome and its connections with many diseases, such as metabolic disorders, obesity, cardiovascular disorders, autoimmunity, and neurological disorders. The applicability of PBM therapeutics to treat gut dysbiosis has been studied, with promising results. The possible cellular and molecular effects of PBM on the vaginal microbiome constitute a theoretical and promising field that is starting to take its first steps. In this review, we will discuss the potential mechanisms and effects of photobiomodulation in the VMB.

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Section: The Human Microbiome and Its Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Human Microbiome and Its Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Human Microbiome and Its Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Applications For the Vaginal Microbiome (Vmb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Insights into Photobiomodulation of the Vaginal Microbiome—A Critical Review

Santos,

Carvalhos,

Figueiredo-Dias

2023

IJMS

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“…Some of the bacteria linked to increased NO production belong to species of the genus Lactobacillus , which are commonly found in the urogenital microbiota of healthy individuals. For example, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus jensenii have been linked to increased NO production in vitro, and this production has been associated with their ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria [ 110 ]. Quorum-sensing molecules—Some bacteria in the urinary tract use quorum-sensing (QS) molecules to communicate with each other.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Microbiota and Host Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Viewpoint on Female Urogenital Microbiome—The Cause or the Consequence?

et al. 2023

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An increasing amount of evidence implies that native microbiota is a constituent part of a healthy urinary tract (UT), making it an ecosystem on its own. What is still not clear is whether the origin of the urinary microbial community is the indirect consequence of the more abundant gut microbiota or a more distinct separation exists between these two systems. Another area of uncertainty is the existence of a link between the shifts in UT microbial composition and both the onset and persistence of cystitis symptoms. Cystitis is one of the most common reasons for antimicrobial drugs prescriptions in primary and secondary care and an important contributor to the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Despite this fact, we still have trouble distinguishing whether the primary cause of the majority of cystitis cases is a single pathogen overgrowth or a systemic disorder affecting the entire urinary microbiota. There is an increasing trend in studies monitoring changes and dynamics of UT microbiota, but this field of research is still in its infancy. Using NGS and bioinformatics, it is possible to obtain microbiota taxonomic profiles directly from urine samples, which can provide a window into microbial diversity (or the lack of) underlying each patient’s cystitis symptoms. However, while microbiota refers to the living collection of microorganisms, an interchangeably used term microbiome referring to the genetic material of the microbiota is more often used in conjunction with sequencing data. It is this vast amount of sequences, which are truly “Big Data”, that allow us to create models that describe interactions between different species contributing to an UT ecosystem, when coupled with machine-learning techniques. Although in a simplified predator—prey form these multi-species interaction models have the potential to further validate or disprove current beliefs; whether it is the presence or the absence of particular key players in a UT microbial ecosystem, the exact cause or consequence of the otherwise unknown etiology in the majority of cystitis cases. These insights might prove to be vital in our ongoing struggle against pathogen resistance and offer us new and promising clinical markers.

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