Regulation of Thyroid Oxidative State by Thioredoxin Reductase Has a Crucial Role in Thyroid Responses to Iodide Excess

Leoni, S; Kimura, Edna Teruko; Santisteban, Pilar; Vieja, Antonio De la

doi:10.1210/me.2011-0038

Cited by 59 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…iodothyronine deiodinases (DIOs), glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) and thioredoxin reductase, which play a vital role in thyroid hormone biosynthesis and thyroid gland function [50, 51]. During pregnancy, normal thyroid function is important for the fetal neurological development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of prenatal exposure to cadmium on cognitive development at preschool age and the importance of selenium and iodine

et al. 2016

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The evidence regarding a potential link of low-to-moderate iodine deficiency, selenium status, and cadmium exposure during pregnancy with neurodevelopment is either contradicting or limited. We aimed to assess the prenatal impact of cadmium, selenium, and iodine on children’s neurodevelopment at 4 years of age. The study included 575 mother–child pairs from the prospective “Rhea” cohort on Crete, Greece. Exposure to cadmium, selenium and iodine was assessed by concentrations in the mother’s urine during pregnancy (median 13 weeks), measured by ICPMS. The McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities was used to assess children’s general cognitive score and seven different sub-scales. In multivariable-adjusted regression analysis, elevated urinary cadmium concentrations (≥0.8 µg/L) were inversely associated with children’s general cognitive score [mean change: −6.1 points (95 % CI −12; −0.33) per doubling of urinary cadmium; corresponding to ~0.4 SD]. Stratifying by smoking status (p for interaction 0.014), the association was restricted to smokers. Urinary selenium was positively associated with children’s general cognitive score [mean change: 2.2 points (95 % CI −0.38; 4.8) per doubling of urinary selenium; ~0.1 SD], although the association was not statistically significant. Urinary iodine (median 172 µg/L) was not associated with children’s general cognitive score. In conclusion, elevated cadmium exposure in pregnancy of smoking women was inversely associated with the children’s cognitive function at pre-school age. The results indicate that cadmium may adversely affect neurodevelopment at doses commonly found in smokers, or that there is an interaction with other toxicants in tobacco smoke. Additionally, possible residual confounding cannot be ruled out.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10654-016-0151-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of prenatal exposure to cadmium on cognitive development at preschool age and the importance of selenium and iodine

et al. 2016

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“…It is worth mentioning that in vitro KI treatment of the thyroid cell line PCCl 3 resulted in the increased reactive oxygen species production [35]. Similar effect has not been evaluated after KIO 3 treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium iodide, but not potassium iodate, as a potential protective agent against oxidative damage to membrane lipids in porcine thyroid

et al. 2013

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BackgroundFenton reaction (Fe2++H2O2→Fe3++•OH+OH−) is of special significance in the thyroid gland, as both its substrates, i.e. H2O2 and Fe2+, are required for thyroid hormone synthesis. Also iodine, an essential element supplied by the diet, is indispensable for thyroid hormone synthesis. It is well known that iodine affects red-ox balance. One of the most frequently examined oxidative processes is lipid peroxidation (LPO), which results from oxidative damage to membrane lipids. Fenton reaction is used to experimentally induce lipid peroxidation. The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of iodine, used as potassium iodide (KI) or potassium iodate (KIO3), on lipid peroxidation in porcine thyroid homogenates under basal conditions and in the presence of Fenton reaction substrates.MethodsPorcine thyroid homogenates were incubated in the presence of either KI (0.00005 – 500 mM) or KIO3 (0.00005 – 200 mM), without or with addition of FeSO4 (30 μM) + H2O2 (0.5 mM). Concentration of malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4-HDA) was measured spectrophotometrically, as an index of lipid peroxidation.ResultsPotassium iodide, only when used in the highest concentrations (≥50 mM), increased lipid peroxidation in concentration-dependent manner. In the middle range of concentrations (5.0; 10; 25; 50 and 100 mM) KI reduced Fenton reaction-induced lipid peroxidation, with the strongest protective effect observed for the concentration of 25 mM. Potassium iodate increased lipid peroxidation in concentrations ≥2.5 mM. The damaging effect of KIO3 increased gradually from the concentration of 2.5 mM to 10 mM. The strongest damaging effect was observed at the KIO3 concentration of 10 mM, corresponding to physiological iodine concentration in the thyroid. Potassium iodate in concentrations of 5–200 mM enhanced Fenton reaction-induced lipid peroxidation with the strongest damaging effect found again for the concentration of 10 mM.ConclusionsPotassium iodide, used in doses generally recommended in iodide prophylaxis, may prevent oxidative damage to membrane lipids in this gland. Toxic effects of iodide overload may result from its prooxidative action. Potassium iodate does not possess any direct beneficial effects on oxidative damage to membrane lipids in the thyroid, which constitutes an additional argument against its utility in iodine prophylaxis.

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“…However, there is an “escape” from this acute Wolff-Chaikoff effect that restores normal TH biosynthesis even in the continued presence of high plasma I − concentrations (38) (see 14 for a recent review). At the molecular level, excess I − may have a deleterious effect on the thyroid by modifying NIS mRNA stability and increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (39, 40). …”

Section: Regulation Of Thyroid Nismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS): Molecular Physiology and Preclinical and Clinical Applications

Ravera

Reyna-Neyra

Ferrandino

et al. 2017

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

209

197

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Active iodide (I−) transport in both the thyroid and some extrathyroidal tissues is mediated by the N a+/I− symporter (NIS). In the thyroid, NIS-mediated I− uptake plays a pivotal role in thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthesis. THs are key during embryonic and postembryonic development and critical for cell metabolism at all stages of life. The molecular characterization of NIS in 1996 and the use of radioactive I− isotopes have led to significan advances in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer and provide the molecular basis for studies aimed at extending the use of radioiodide treatment in extrathyroidal malignancies. This review focuses on the most recent finding on I− homeostasis and I− transport deficiency-causin NIS mutations, as well as current knowledge of the structure/function properties of NIS and NIS regulatory mechanisms. We also discuss employing NIS as a reporter gene using viral vectors and stem cells in imaging, diagnostic, and therapeutic procedures.

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Regulation of Thyroid Oxidative State by Thioredoxin Reductase Has a Crucial Role in Thyroid Responses to Iodide Excess

Cited by 59 publications

References 71 publications

Impact of prenatal exposure to cadmium on cognitive development at preschool age and the importance of selenium and iodine

Impact of prenatal exposure to cadmium on cognitive development at preschool age and the importance of selenium and iodine

Potassium iodide, but not potassium iodate, as a potential protective agent against oxidative damage to membrane lipids in porcine thyroid

The Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS): Molecular Physiology and Preclinical and Clinical Applications

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