Regulation of Three Key Kinases of Brassinosteroid Signaling Pathway

Mao, Juan; Li, Jianming

doi:10.3390/ijms21124340

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 213 publications

(402 reference statements)

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“…Accumulating evidence also uncovers the role of brassinosteroids in plant adaptation to salt stress, including genes associated to brassinosteroid synthesis and signaling (Yu et al, 2020). Brassinosteroids are perceived by cell surface-localized receptor kinases, BRI1 and BAK1 and trigger a series of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events for the activation of brassinosteroid-responsive genes through the regulation of distinct TFs (BZR1, BES1) (Mao and Li, 2020;Yu et al, 2020). Besides, brassinosteroid signaling on plasma membrane has been shown to be important in salinity tolerance in rice (Dong et al, 2020).…”

Section: Effect Of Indica Introgressions On the Salt-responsive Transcriptome Of Il22 Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative Approach for Precise Genotyping and Transcriptomics of Salt Tolerant Introgression Rice Lines

et al. 2022

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Rice is the most salt sensitive cereal crop and its cultivation is particularly threatened by salt stress, which is currently worsened due to climate change. This study reports the development of salt tolerant introgression lines (ILs) derived from crosses between the salt tolerant indica rice variety FL478, which harbors the Saltol quantitative trait loci (QTL), and the salt-sensitive japonica elite cultivar OLESA. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASPar) genotyping, in combination with step-wise phenotypic selection in hydroponic culture, were used for the identification of salt-tolerant ILs. Transcriptome-based genotyping allowed the fine mapping of indica genetic introgressions in the best performing IL (IL22). A total of 1,595 genes were identified in indica regions of IL22, which mainly located in large introgressions at Chromosomes 1 and 3. In addition to OsHKT1;5, an important number of genes were identified in the introgressed indica segments of IL22 whose expression was confirmed [e.g., genes involved in ion transport, callose synthesis, transcriptional regulation of gene expression, hormone signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation]. These genes might well contribute to salt stress tolerance in IL22 plants. Furthermore, comparative transcript profiling revealed that indica introgressions caused important alterations in the background gene expression of IL22 plants (japonica cultivar) compared with its salt-sensitive parent, both under non-stress and salt-stress conditions. In response to salt treatment, only 8.6% of the salt-responsive genes were found to be commonly up- or down-regulated in IL22 and OLESA plants, supporting massive transcriptional reprogramming of gene expression caused by indica introgressions into the recipient genome. Interactions among indica and japonica genes might provide novel regulatory networks contributing to salt stress tolerance in introgression rice lines. Collectively, this study illustrates the usefulness of transcriptomics in the characterization of new rice lines obtained in breeding programs in rice.

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Section: Effect Of Indica Introgressions On the Salt-responsive Transcriptome Of Il22 Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative Approach for Precise Genotyping and Transcriptomics of Salt Tolerant Introgression Rice Lines

et al. 2022

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“…Gene lists from ( A ) were compared using Venny. The AZD-downregulated transcriptome (AZD down) shows significant coregulation with the BL-upregulated transcriptome (BL up) (431/1197 genes, p -value: 9.49 × 10 -142 , Fisher’s exact test), while the AZD-upregulated transcriptome (AZD up) shows significant coregulation with the BL-downregulated transcriptome (BL down) (464/1583 genes, p -value: 3.00 × 10 -140 , Fisher’s exact test). ( C ) Hypocotyl elongation of WT and raptor1b seedlings in response to BL or AZD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brassinosteroids modulate autophagy through phosphorylation of RAPTOR1B by the GSK3-like kinase BIN2 in Arabidopsis

Liao

Nolan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved recycling process that maintains cellular homeostasis during environmental stress. Autophagy is negatively regulated by TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR), a nutrient-regulated protein kinase that in plants is activated by several phytohormones, leading to increased growth. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which TOR integrates autophagy and hormone-signaling are poorly understood. Here, we show that TOR modulates brassinosteroid (BR)-regulated plant growth and stress-response pathways. Active TOR was required for full BR-induced growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Autophagy was constitutively up-regulated upon blocking BR biosynthesis or signaling, and down-regulated by increasing the activity of the BR pathway. BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2) kinase, a GSK3-like kinase functioning as a negative regulator in BR signaling, directly phosphorylated Regulatory-Associated Protein of TOR 1B (RAPTOR1B), a substrate-recruiting subunit in the TOR complex, at a conserved serine residue within a typical BIN2 phosphorylation motif. Mutation of RAPTOR1B serine 916 to alanine, to block phosphorylation by BIN2, repressed autophagy and increased phosphorylation of the TOR substrate autophagy-related protein 13a (ATG13a). By contrast, this mutation had only a limited effect on growth. We present a model in which RAPTOR1B is phosphorylated and inhibited by BIN2 when BRs are absent, activating the autophagy pathway. When BRs signal and inhibit BIN2, RAPTOR1B is thus less inhibited by BIN2 phosphorylation. This leads to increased TOR activity and ATG13a phosphorylation, and decreased autophagy activity. Our studies define a new mechanism by which coordination between BR and TOR signaling pathways helps to maintain the balance between plant growth and stress responses.

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“…S 4 ) and regulator of BR signaling. In Arabidopsis, BSU1 dephosphorylates BR INSENSITIVE 2, an inhibitor of the BR signaling pathway [ 35 , 36 ], causing its inactivation and leading to the accumulation of unphosphorylated BES1/BZR1 , and enhanced BR signaling [ 37 ]. This body of evidence makes SAUR36 a strong candidate gene, potentially affecting the expansion of collar cells and thus, increasing leaf angle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissection of canopy layer-specific genetic control of leaf angle in Sorghum bicolor by RNA sequencing

et al. 2022

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Background Leaf angle is an important plant architecture trait, affecting plant density, light interception efficiency, photosynthetic rate, and yield. The “smart canopy” model proposes more vertical leaves in the top plant layers and more horizontal leaves in the lower canopy, maximizing conversion efficiency and photosynthesis. Sorghum leaf arrangement is opposite to that proposed in the “smart canopy” model, indicating the need for improvement. Although leaf angle quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been previously reported, only the Dwarf3 (Dw3) auxin transporter gene, colocalizing with a major-effect QTL on chromosome 7, has been validated. Additionally, the genetic architecture of leaf angle across canopy layers remains to be elucidated. Results This study characterized the canopy-layer specific transcriptome of five sorghum genotypes using RNA sequencing. A set of 284 differentially expressed genes for at least one layer comparison (FDR < 0.05) co-localized with 69 leaf angle QTL and were consistently identified across genotypes. These genes are involved in transmembrane transport, hormone regulation, oxidation-reduction process, response to stimuli, lipid metabolism, and photosynthesis. The most relevant eleven candidate genes for layer-specific angle modification include those homologous to genes controlling leaf angle in rice and maize or genes associated with cell size/expansion, shape, and cell number. Conclusions Considering the predicted functions of candidate genes, their potential undesirable pleiotropic effects should be further investigated across tissues and developmental stages. Future validation of proposed candidates and exploitation through genetic engineering or gene editing strategies targeted to collar cells will bring researchers closer to the realization of a “smart canopy” sorghum.

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Regulation of Three Key Kinases of Brassinosteroid Signaling Pathway

Cited by 34 publications

References 213 publications

Integrative Approach for Precise Genotyping and Transcriptomics of Salt Tolerant Introgression Rice Lines

Integrative Approach for Precise Genotyping and Transcriptomics of Salt Tolerant Introgression Rice Lines

Brassinosteroids modulate autophagy through phosphorylation of RAPTOR1B by the GSK3-like kinase BIN2 in Arabidopsis

Dissection of canopy layer-specific genetic control of leaf angle in Sorghum bicolor by RNA sequencing

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