“…Changes in auditory nerve activity following deafness have been shown to induce changes in excitability and response properties in the cochlear nucleus (Francis and Manis, 2000;Kaltenbach and Afman, 2000;Kanold and Manis, 2005;Wang and Manis, 2005) and inferior colliculus (Bledsoe et al, 1995(Bledsoe et al, , 1997Mossop et al, 2000;Salvi et al, 2000;Syka and Rybalko, 2000;Vale and Sanes, 2002;Vale et al, 2004) (for reviews Moller, 2005;Syka, 2002). While the acoustic environment has been shown to influence auditory brain stem responses through modulation of voltage-gated potassium channels, this is achieved largely through phosphorylation rather than chronic alterations in gene expression (Chambard and Ashmore, 2005;Kaczmarek et al, 2005;Macica et al, 2003;Song et al, 2005). Studies in the avian cochlear nucleus (nucleus magnocellularis) have shown large deafness-related changes in Kv1.1 and Kv3.1 expression following cochlear ablation (Lu et al, 2004;von Hehn et al, 2004).…”