Regulation of the muscle fiber micro environment by activated satellite cells during hypertrophy

Fry, Christopher S.; Lee, Jonah D.; Jackson, Janna R.; Kirby, Tyler J.; Stasko, Shawn; Liu, Honglu; Dupont‐Versteegden, Esther E.; McCarthy, John J.; Peterson, Charlotte A.

doi:10.1096/fj.13-239426

Cited by 241 publications

(324 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In a recent paper, the Peterson group (Fry et al, 2014) essentially repeated their previous experiments on the plantaris, but extended the overload time to 8 weeks. Their new data suggest a role for satellite cells in long-term hypertrophy as SC ablation attenuated the hypertrophy response from a 36% to a 26% increase in CSA.…”

Section: Muscle Damage and The Inclusion Criteria For The Fibers Analmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite cell depletion prevents fiber hypertrophy in skeletal muscle

2016

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The largest mammalian cells are the muscle fibers, and they have multiple nuclei to support their large cytoplasmic volumes. During hypertrophic growth, new myonuclei are recruited from satellite stem cells into the fiber syncytia, but it was recently suggested that such recruitment is not obligatory: overload hypertrophy after synergist ablation of the plantaris muscle appeared normal in transgenic mice in which most of the satellite cells were abolished. When we essentially repeated these experiments analyzing the muscles by immunohistochemistry and in vivo and ex vivo imaging, we found that overload hypertrophy was prevented in the satellite cell-deficient mice, in both the plantaris and the extensor digitorum longus muscles. We attribute the previous findings to a reliance on muscle mass as a proxy for fiber hypertrophy, and to the inclusion of a significant number of regenerating fibers in the analysis. We discuss that there is currently no model in which functional, sustainable hypertrophy has been unequivocally demonstrated in the absence of satellite cells; an exception is re-growth, which can occur using previously recruited myonuclei without addition of new myonuclei.

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Section: Muscle Damage and The Inclusion Criteria For The Fibers Analmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite cell depletion prevents fiber hypertrophy in skeletal muscle

2016

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“…Also, I have calculated the average hypertrophy both in the control group and the group without satellite cells to be only 10% in the study, so the paper has little relevance to hypertrophy in excess of that. Even though the authors more recently published a long-term study (Fry et al, 2014), the interpretations for hypertrophy in preexisting fibres are confounded by the high incidence of regenerative growth in the model used.…”

Section: The Textbook Model For Muscle Size Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle memory and a new cellular model for muscle atrophy and hypertrophy

Gundersen

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

134

128

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Memory is a process in which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. For vertebrates, the modern view has been that it occurs only in the brain. This review describes a cellular memory in skeletal muscle in which hypertrophy is 'remembered' such that a fibre that has previously been large, but subsequently lost its mass, can regain mass faster than naive fibres. A new cell biological model based on the literature, with the most reliable methods for identifying myonuclei, can explain this phenomenon. According to this model, previously untrained fibres recruit myonuclei from activated satellite cells before hypertrophic growth. Even if subsequently subjected to grave atrophy, the higher number of myonuclei is retained, and the myonuclei seem to be protected against the elevated apoptotic activity observed in atrophying muscle tissue. Fibres that have acquired a higher number of myonuclei grow faster when subjected to overload exercise, thus the nuclei represent a functionally important 'memory' of previous strength. This memory might be very long lasting in humans, as myonuclei are stable for at least 15 years and might even be permanent. However, myonuclei are harder to recruit in the elderly, and if the long-lasting muscle memory also exists in humans, one should consider early strength training as a public health advice. In addition, myonuclei are recruited during steroid use and encode a muscle memory, at least in rodents. Thus, extending the exclusion time for doping offenders should be considered.

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“…Muscular hypertrophy after satellite cell ablation was examined in a few studies, where the plantaris muscle of adult tamoxifen-inducible Pax7-DTA mice was subjected to mechanical overload for 2 weeks by removing synergistic muscles 11,14) . The same hypertrophy level (increase in muscle mass and fiber cross-sectional area) was observed in the satellite cell ablation mice as in control mice, despite more than 90% absence of satellite cells 11) .…”

Section: Role Of Satellite Cells In Muscular Hypertrophy and Regrowthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings suggest that satellite cells were not necessary for at least initial muscular hypertrophy, but whether muscular hypertrophy was continued for a long term needed to be examined. For that reason, the tamoxifen-inducible Pax7-DTA mice were subjected to mechanical overload for 8 weeks following synergist ablation surgery 14) . Although the early growth response was normal, an attenuation of muscular hypertrophy (both muscle wet weight and fiber cross-sectional area) was observed in the plantaris muscle of satellite cell ablation mice.…”

Section: Role Of Satellite Cells In Muscular Hypertrophy and Regrowthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of satellite cells in skeletal muscle plasticity: Beyond muscle regeneration

Tamura

Furuichi

Manabe

et al. 2017

JPFSM

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Satellite cells are resident muscle stem cells located between the basal lamina and the plasma membrane of myofibers. They play crucial roles in muscle growth during the postnatal stage and muscle regeneration following postnatal development. However, the roles of satellite cells in adult muscles -in muscle growth, function, and adaptation -are poorly understood. Recently, by studying genetically engineered mice with conditionally ablated satellite cells, it has been reported that satellite cells play important roles in muscle growth and maintenance of muscle spindles or neuromuscular junctions, and produce growth factors that affect other organs. Here, we review the recent studies using tamoxifen-inducible Pax7-DTA mice and describe the novel roles of satellite cells in the maintenance of skeletal muscle plasticity.

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Regulation of the muscle fiber micro environment by activated satellite cells during hypertrophy

Cited by 241 publications

References 56 publications

Satellite cell depletion prevents fiber hypertrophy in skeletal muscle

Satellite cell depletion prevents fiber hypertrophy in skeletal muscle

Muscle memory and a new cellular model for muscle atrophy and hypertrophy

Role of satellite cells in skeletal muscle plasticity: Beyond muscle regeneration

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