Regulation of the Macroelement Metabolism in Cows Depending on the Type of Higher Nervous Activity

Abstract

The regulatory effect carried out by the central nervous system ensures the interconnection of various organs and systems with each other, while maintaining the integrity of the entire organism. In mammals, the highest center of regulation of somatic and vegetative functions is the cerebral cortex, the activity of which is manifested in the organization of behavioral acts aimed at maintaining the constancy of relations between the organism and the environment. The goal of this work was to investigate the content of macroelements in the blood of cows depending on the type of higher nervous activity. Detection of the conditioned reflex activity of cows was carried out according to the method developed by scientists of the Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Animals named after Academician M. F. Gulyi. The material for the study was animals’ blood samples obtained from the jugular vein. In the whole blood of animals, the content of macroelements was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Conducted studies have shown that the content of sodium in the whole blood of cows depending on the type of higher nervous activity was 2.5–2.9 g/l. In cows of the strong balanced inert and strong unbalanced type of higher nervous activity, the metal content was 2.3% (p < 0.01) and 4.6% (p < 0.01) higher, respectively, than in cows of the strong balanced mobile type. At the same time, in cows of a weak type of higher nervous activity, the sodium content was higher in relation to cows with a strong balanced mobile type, the content of this metal in the blood serum did not differ significantly regardless of the season. The sodium content in blood cells depends on the type of higher nervous activity, regardless of the season. Thus, the content of this metal in animals with strong unbalanced and weak types of higher nervous activity was 10.5-16.2% (p<0.05-0.01) and 19.1-20.2% (p<0 .01–0.001) lower compared with the indicators of cows that had strong balanced mobile type of nervous system. It was noted that the time of year has a significant effect on the sodium content in whole blood. In cows with a strong balanced mobile, strong balanced inert, strong unbalanced and weak type of higher nervous activity the sodium content in whole blood in winter was lower, respectively, by 8.9% (p < 0.001), 10.4% (p < 0.001), 11.5% (p < 0.001) and 14.8% (p < 0.001) of these indicators in the warm season. The ratio of sodium content in cows’ blood cells and in blood serum that had different types of higher nervous activity was 0.14–0.18 c.u. The ratio of sodium content in blood cells and in the blood serum of cows with a strong unbalanced and weak type of higher nervous activity in warm and cold season was higher by 13.5-17.4 % (р < 0.05) and 15.2-22.1% (р < 0.001). Therefore, according to the results obtained in the study, the season does not affect the ratio of sodium content in blood cells and in the blood serum of cows with different types of higher nervous activity. According to the results of studies, the potassium content in whole blood depending on the type of higher nervous activity and season was 114-168 mg/100 ml and significantly differed in relation to animals that had different types of higher nervous activity. In the warm season, in animals of a strong unbalanced and weak type of higher nervous activity, the potassium content was 17.8% (p < 0.05) and 26.1% (p < 0.01) lower than in cows of a strong balanced mobile type of higher nervous activity. In animals of the weak type the content of this metal in whole blood was significantly lower by 26.2% (p < 0.01) compared to cows of the strong balanced mobile type. The content of potassium in the blood serum of cows of the strong unbalanced and the weak types of the nervous system in the warm season was lower by 11.5% (p<0.05) and 17.8% (p<0.01) compared to animals of a strong balanced mobile type of higher nervous activity. The content of total phosphorus in the blood serum of cows 11.9-14.0 mg/100 ml, and did not exceed physiological values and did not significantly differ in cows with different types of higher nervous activity. The time of year reliably effects the content of phosphorus in whole blood and its serum only in cows of a strong unbalanced type of higher nervous activity. The content of phosphorus in whole blood and serum in winter of this type of animals was 13.4% (p<0.05) higher than in the warm season. In contrast, in cows with other types of higher nervous activity, only the tendency was noted. According to the results of the studies, the calcium content in different blood fractions in animals with different types of higher nervous activity did not exceed the physiological limits. The strength, balance and mobility of nervous processes at different times of the year were not related to the calcium content in whole blood and serum. It should be noted that in summer the main characteristics of nervous processes were inversely related to the calcium content in blood cells (r = -0.53-0.57; p < 0.05). While in winter these relations were unreliable (r = -0.32–0.48). Therefore, the dependence between the type of higher nervous activity and the content of macroelements and the relationship between the main characteristics of nervous processes in cows were established on the basis of the conducted studies.