Regulation of the Gastric Emptying of Glucose

Brener, William; Hendrix, Thomas R.; McHugh, Paul R.

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(83)80232-7

Cited by 394 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The rate of gastric emptying regulates the entry of glucose and other nutrients into the small intestine in the range of 1-4 kcal ⁄ min [2] and is an important determinant of incretin hormone secretion. We have reported that in healthy subjects glycaemic and incretin responses are highly dependent on the rate of small intestinal carbohydrate exposure [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of variations in duodenal glucose load on glycaemic, insulin, and incretin responses in type 2 diabetes

Pilichiewicz

Feinle‐Bisset

et al. 2012

Diabetic Medicine

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of variations in duodenal glucose load on glycaemic, insulin, and incretin responses in type 2 diabetes

Pilichiewicz

Feinle‐Bisset

et al. 2012

Diabetic Medicine

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“…This is important because the rate of gastric emptying, which exhibits a substantial inter-individual variation in health that is even greater in T2DM, is a major determinant of postprandial glycaemic excursions. [24][25][26][27][28] Lixisenatide is used once daily as both monotherapy (usually at a dose of 20 μg) and, more recently, as a fixed-dose combination with insulin glargine 29,30 and is highly effective in improving glycaemic control as assessed by HbA1c. Lixisenatide has a sustained effect to slow gastric emptying, and the magnitude of this slowing is both dependent on the baseline rate of gastric emptying and predictive of the reduction in postprandial glucose 29,31 ; however, the effect of lixisenatide on gastric emptying has hitherto not been quantified by the "gold standard" technique of scintigraphy, which allows emptying to be measured precisely, but by indirect methods, including stable isotope breath tests 29,31,32 and by the absorption kinetics of oral paracetamol, 33 which provide a notional, rather than precise, assessment of the gastric emptying rate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of lixisenatide on postprandial blood pressure, gastric emptying and glycaemia in healthy people and people with type 2 diabetes

Jones

Rigda

Buttfield

et al. 2019

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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Aim To evaluate the effects of the prandial glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist lixisenatide on gastric emptying and blood pressure (BP) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) blood flow, and the glycaemic responses to a 75‐g oral glucose load in healthy people and those with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Materials and methods Fifteen healthy participants (nine men, six women; mean ± SEM age 67.2 ± 2.3 years) and 15 participants with T2DM (nine men, six women; mean ± SEM age 61.9 ± 2.3 years) underwent measurement of gastric emptying, BP, SMA flow and plasma glucose 180 minutes after a radiolabelled 75‐g glucose drink on two separate days. All participants received lixisenatide (10 μg subcutaneously) or placebo in a randomized, double‐blind, crossover fashion 30 minutes before the glucose drink. Results Lixisenatide slowed gastric emptying (retention at 120 minutes, P < 0.01), attenuated the rise in SMA flow (P < 0.01) and markedly attenuated the decrease in systolic BP (area under the curve [AUC] 0‐120 minutes, P < 0.001) compared to placebo in healthy participants and those with T2DM. Plasma glucose (incremental AUC 0‐120 minutes) was greater in participants with T2DM (P < 0.005) than in healthy participants, and lower after lixisenatide in both groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions In healthy participants and those with T2DM, the marked slowing of gastric emptying of glucose induced by lixisenatide was associated with attenuation of the increments in glycaemia and SMA flow and decrease in systolic BP. Accordingly, lixisenatide may be useful in the management of postprandial hypotension.

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“…The rate of gastric emptying could have a significant impact on measurements of calcium absorption. Gastric emptying of nutrient-containing liquids and 'liquefied' solid food occurs at a rate of about 2 kcal min-I as a result of feedback regulation by small intestinal mucosal receptors [21]. In contrast, nonnutrient, isotonic liquids > 300mL in volume empty from the stomach more rapidly and in a monoexponential pattern [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between fractional calcium absorption and gastric emptying

Wishart¹,

Horowitz²,

Morris³

et al. 1995

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Abstract.The relationship between calcium absorption and gastric emptying and the precision of measurement of fractional calcium absorption using a single isotope technique were evaluated in 14 normal postmenopausal women (age range 61 -72 years). On two occasions separated by between 5 and 15 days, each subject was given 250mL water containing 0.2MBq of 45Ca in 20mg of calcium carrier as the chloride, 20 mg kg-I paracetamol and 9 MBq of 9 9 m T~ sulphur colloid. Venous blood samples were taken at -2, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180min after consumption of the drink, and gastric emptying (GE) was monitored with a gamma camera. Fractional calcium absorption in the first hour (a6) was calculated from the blood samples obtained at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. An absorption rate was also derived from the 60 min sample using only a calibration curve ( a l ) .There were close correlations between radiocalcium absorption on the two study days (r = 0.89, P < 0.001 for both a I and ' Y 6 ) and between al and a 6 (r = 0.93, P < 0,001). Plasma paracetamol concentrations at 15 min were directly related to the early phase of GE ( r = 0.42, P c 0.05). In contrast, calcium absorption was inversely related to GE (r = 0.45, P < 0.05). We conclude that radiocalcium absorption is not greatly influenced by gastric emptying rate and that the single blood sample procedure has similar precision to the six-blood sample test.

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Regulation of the Gastric Emptying of Glucose

Cited by 394 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of variations in duodenal glucose load on glycaemic, insulin, and incretin responses in type 2 diabetes

Effects of variations in duodenal glucose load on glycaemic, insulin, and incretin responses in type 2 diabetes

Effects of lixisenatide on postprandial blood pressure, gastric emptying and glycaemia in healthy people and people with type 2 diabetes

Relationship between fractional calcium absorption and gastric emptying

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