Regulation of the First Step of the Initiation of Brain Protein Synthesis by Guanosine Diphosphate

Dwyer, Barney E.; Wasterlain, Claude G.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb11255.x

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Compared with levels in adults, the levels of UTP and CTP in neonatal rat brain are significantly higher, which may be related to a high level of synthesis of sugars and lipids (Mandel and Edel-Harth, 1966). Previous reports have shown that a change in the ratio of GTP to GDP affects protein synthesis (Walton and Gill, 1975;Dwyer and Wasterlain, 1980). The ratio of GTP to GDP is also high in neonatal rat brain.…”

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confidence: 96%

Changes in Levels of Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotides During Acute Hypoxia and Recovery in Neonatal Rat Brain

Hisanaga

Oda

Kogure

1986

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Neonatal rat brains were examined for changes in levels of ATP, ADP, AMP, cyclic AMP, GTP, GDP, UTP, UDP, UMP, and CTP during exposure to 100% nitrogen for 20 min and subsequent recovery in air. During hypoxia, ATP, GTP, UTP, and CTP levels and the GTP/GDP ratio decreased to 38, 50, 26, 21, and 21%, respectively, of control levels. No significant change in cyclic AMP level was observed. The decrease in the total uridine nucleotide pool during hypoxia was markedly greater (to 53% of control levels) than that in the total adenine nucleotide pool (to 92% of control levels). During recovery, ATP and GTP levels were rapidly and almost completely restored. On the other hand, CTP levels returned slowly to control values after a 2-h recovery period. Restoration of the UTP level was slow and incomplete (87% of the control value even after a 3-h recovery period). The GTP/GDP ratio also did not return to normal. These data suggest that hypoxic insult to the neonate may have an effect on the synthesis of nucleotidyl sugars, phospholipids, and proteins in the brain, resulting in significant problems with developmental processes of the brain. The present study also showed that the delayed restorations of the UTP level and the GTP/GDP ratio were not seen in the brains of adult rats subjected to acute severe hypoxic insult.

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confidence: 96%

Changes in Levels of Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotides During Acute Hypoxia and Recovery in Neonatal Rat Brain

Hisanaga

Oda

Kogure

1986

Journal of Neurochemistry

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“…16 Another change could be a slight shift in the activity of polypeptide chain initiation factor eIF2, which participates in the initiation of protein synthesis. The activity of this factor is influenced by the intracellular guanosine triphosphate:guanosine diphosphate ratio, 17 which could be reduced by ischemia. Another possibility is ribosomal damage.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mild hypothermia ameliorates ubiquitin synthesis and prevents delayed neuronal death in the gerbil hippocampus.

Yamashita

Eguchi

Kajiwara

et al. 1991

Stroke

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Background and Purpose:The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of mild hypothermia on the synthesis of ubiquitin, an important protein for maintenance of cell viability, in the hippocampal neurons following transient cerebral ischemia.Methods: Transient ischemia was induced by occluding both common carotid arteries for 5 minutes. In experiment 1, the animals were divided into four groups according to the rectal and scalp temperatures during ischemia: the normothermia group and the graded hypothermia A, B, and C groups (n=9 per group). CA1 neuronal density was assessed at 7 days after ischemia. In experiment 2, the animals were divided into two groups designated the normothermia and the hypothermia groups (n=6 per group). The presence of ubiquitin was examined by immunohistochemistry at 6, 24, and 48 hours after transient ischemia in various regions of the hippocampus.Results: In experiment 1, the mean±SEM neuronal density per millimeter was 12 ±1 in the normothermia group and 126±25, 225±10, and 214±9 in hypothermia groups A, B, and C, respectively. Mild hypothermia in groups B and C, in which the brain temperature was below 33°C, ameliorated markedly the extent of ischemic neuronal damage in the CA1 sector (p<0.01). In experiment 2, ubiquitin immunoreactivity had disappeared in all regions of the hippocampus at 6 hours after ischemia and showed no subsequent recovery in the CA1 pyramidal neurons under normothermic conditions. Under hypothermic conditions, however, it had recovered significantly in the CA1 pyramidal neurons at 24 and 48 hours after ischemia

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“…Status epilepticus is immature marmosets depletes energy reserves even when seizures do not produce hypoxemia or hypotension [15], but flurothyl status epilepticus in newborn dogs does not [56]. The fall in ATP probably accounts are least in part for the inhibition of protein synthesis observed during seizures in those neonates [48] through a GDP cascade effect mediated by the enzyme nucleotide kinase [12]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Energy Metabolism During Experimental Neonatal Seizures

et al. 2010

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During flurothyl seizures in 4-day-old rats, cortical concentration of ATP, phosphocreatine and glucose fell while lactate rose. Cortical energy use rate more than doubled, while glycolytic rate increased fivefold. Calculation of the cerebral metabolic balance during sustained seizures suggests that energy balance could be maintained in hyperglycemic animals, and would decline slowly in normoglycemia, but would be compromised by concurrent hypoglycemia, hyperthermia or hypoxia. These results suggest that the metabolic challenge imposed on the brain by this model of experimental neonatal seizures is milder than that seen at older ages, but can become critical when associated with other types of metabolic stress.

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Regulation of the First Step of the Initiation of Brain Protein Synthesis by Guanosine Diphosphate

Cited by 35 publications

References 78 publications

Changes in Levels of Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotides During Acute Hypoxia and Recovery in Neonatal Rat Brain

Changes in Levels of Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotides During Acute Hypoxia and Recovery in Neonatal Rat Brain

Mild hypothermia ameliorates ubiquitin synthesis and prevents delayed neuronal death in the gerbil hippocampus.

Brain Energy Metabolism During Experimental Neonatal Seizures

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