Regulation of the diurnal rhythm in rat pineal serotonin‐N‐acetyltransferase activity and serotonin content during ontogenesis

Illnerová, Helena; Škopková, Jana

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb06493.x

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The pineal con tents of serotonin and norepinephrine determined at mid light and mid-dark in this study were approximately 180° out of phase, as was previously reported in the adult rat [29,40]. In the very young rats our results agreed with those re ported for serotonin [8,34,36] and for norepinephrine [14]. In addition, we have demonstrated that there is a diurnal rhythm for pineal 5-HIAA in the very young animals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Aging and Diurnal Rhythms of Pineal Serotonin, 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Norepinephrine, Dopamine and Serum Melatonin in the Male Rat

1985

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Pineal serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and serum melatonin was measured by radioimmunoassay in rats aged 3 weeks, 8 weeks and 18 months. They were killed either at mid-light or mid-dark of a 12 h light:12 h dark cycle. Diurnal rhythms were observed for 5-HT and 5-HIAA in all ages studied while those for NE and DA were not observed in the 18-month-old animals. Pineal 5-HT and 5-HIAA were higher in 3-week-old rats at mid-dark, and lower at mid-light than in older animals. The pineal content of NE was lower in the 3-week-old rats at mid-dark and mid-light compared with that in the 8-week-old while the DA content was lower at mid-dark. In addition, pineal 5-HT, 5-HIAA, NE and DA were lower in the 18-month-old than in the 8-week-old animals at mid-dark. At mid-dark serum melatonin levels showed an age-related decrease. This study shows that an age-related decrease of pineal 5-HT, 5-HIAA, NE and DA can only be demonstrated at mid-dark and that the age-related decrease of melatonin may not be due to a decrease in sympathetic activity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Aging and Diurnal Rhythms of Pineal Serotonin, 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Norepinephrine, Dopamine and Serum Melatonin in the Male Rat

1985

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“…By weaning, the number of varicose terminals within pineal cells and around blood vessels is equal to that observed in the adult [44. 45], Superior cervical ganglionectomy on the 19th day of life results in the disappearance of pineal norepinephrine fluo rescence [65] and abolishes the circadian rhythm in pineal serotonin /t-acetyltransferase (SNAT) [30], These findings suggest that by weaning the innervation of the neonatal pineal, like that of the adult, is composed of functional noradrenergic sympathetic neu rons whose cell bodies reside within the su perior cervical ganglia.…”

Section: Appearance O F Sympathetic Nerves Within the Pineal Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By the 12th day after birth, daytime pineal serotonin con centrations attain adult values [58.78] as docs the magnitude of the day-night concentration differences. Bilateral ablation of the superior cervical ganglia on the 8th postnatal day abol ishes the diurnal rhythm in serotonin levels normally seen at weaning [30].…”

Section: Development Of the Circadian Rhythm In Pineal Serotonin Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At birth, injections of either 6-OH dopamine [29] or trimepranol. a /3-adrenoreccptor blocker [30], or bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy [30] attenu ate by 80% the difference between day and night SNAT activities at weaning.…”

Section: Development Of the Circadian Rhythm In Pineal Snatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adult rats exposed to acute stress [55], immo bilization [41], or electric shock [Altar, un published observations], however, fail to dis play large changes in SNAT. Thus, several groups [30,75] have concluded that adrener gic pineal stimulation in the neonate may be hormonal but results from local neurotrans mission in the adult. If this hypothesis is cor rect one should be able to denervate the pi neal glands of adult rats and demonstrate an increased dependence of SNAT upon altera tions in circulating catecholamine content following stressful situations.…”

Section: Development Of the Pineal ($-Adrenergic Receptormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of the Mammalian Pineal Gland

Altar

1982

Dev Neurosci

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The literature concerning the morphological, biochemical, and pharmacological development of the mammalian pineal gland is reviewed with an emphasis on the ontogeny of pineal innervation by noradrenergic neurons. Mature pineal responses to various pharmacological manipulations and the well-characterized rhythms in pineal biochemistry appear only after postnatal axogenesis of sympathetic neurons, synaptogenesis between sympathetic nerve terminals and pineal adrenergic receptors, and pineal nerve terminal synthesis, storage, and inactivation of catecholamine neurotransmitter. Since postsynaptic biochemical capacities for pineal enzymatic and endocrine function appear at a relatively early age, it is proposed that development of presynaptic inputs to the pineal is rate-limiting in the maturation of the pineal gland as a circadian neuroendocrine transducer. Because of this, the pineal gland is an excellent model for the functional development of noradrenergic inputs to selective target organs.

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Pineal glands of immature rats: Rise and fall in N‐Acetyltransferase activity in vitro

Brammer

Binkley

1981

J. Neurobiol.

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N-acetyltransferase activity in the pineal glands of immature rats (12--14 days old) shows a spontaneous rise and fall when the glands are placed in organ culture. The peak of the 28-fold change occurs 5--16 hr after the cultures are initiated. This observation can be interpreted in two ways: (1) the pup pineal gland is responding to norepinephrine released when nerve endings degenerate in culture, or (2) the pup pineal gland has an innate ability which is responsible. Whatever the mechanism, the phenomenon is associated with the development of pineal gland function since pineal glands of adult rats do not show a spontaneous rise and fall in identical experiments.

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Regulation of the diurnal rhythm in rat pineal serotonin‐N‐acetyltransferase activity and serotonin content during ontogenesis

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Aging and Diurnal Rhythms of Pineal Serotonin, 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Norepinephrine, Dopamine and Serum Melatonin in the Male Rat

Aging and Diurnal Rhythms of Pineal Serotonin, 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Norepinephrine, Dopamine and Serum Melatonin in the Male Rat

Development of the Mammalian Pineal Gland

Pineal glands of immature rats: Rise and fall in N‐Acetyltransferase activity in vitro

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