Regulation of the desaturation of fatty acids and its role in tolerance to cold and salt stress

Sakamoto, Toshio; Murata, Norio

doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(02)00306-5

Cited by 169 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

101

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Despite the suitability of this species for studying temperature stress (stress can be applied homogenously and rapidly to all cells, vegetative cells are undifferentiated, the genome is sequenced (82), gene families are smaller compared with higher plants), to our knowledge, there are no studies about cold stress in C. reinhardtii. Former studies in plant biology have described mechanisms implied in the cold response such as metabolomic changes (30,53,(83)(84)(85), integration of metabolomic and proteomic phenotypes (30), anatomical changes, sugar accumulation (15,26), late embryogenesis abundant (LEA), and heat shock (HSP) proteins mediating stabilization of membranes and proteins (65,86), and the activation of C-repeatbinding factor and dehydration responsive element-binding factor 1 (CBF/DREB) responsive pathways (2,9). Most of these studies have been focused on individual mechanisms with comparison of control versus stressed plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In consequence C. reinhardtii cells reprogrammed the FA biosynthesis pathway very specifically as a response to cold exposure. Given that the conservation of FA biosynthesis, and desaturation is crucial for preserving cell energy states (64) and membrane fluidity (5), which is related to cell function and the perception of environmental signals (65,66) this mechanism indicates how FA biosynthesis and desaturation systems might have evolved for adaptation to cold temperature (4).…”

Section: Fig 5 Central Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Systemic Cold Stress Adaptation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Valledor

Furuhashi

Hanak

et al. 2013

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

129

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is one of the most important model organisms nowadays phylogenetically situated between higher plants and animals (Merchant et al. 2007). Stress adaptation of this unicellular model algae is in the focus because of its relevance to biomass and biofuel production. Here, we have studied cold stress adaptation of C. reinhardtii hitherto not described for this algae whereas intensively studied in higher plants. Toward this goal, high throughput mass spectrometry was employed to integrate proteome, metabolome, physiological and cell-morphological changes during a time-course from 0 to 120 h. These data were complemented with RT-qPCR for target genes involved in central metabolism, signaling, and lipid biosynthesis. Using this approach dynamics in central metabolism were linked to cold-stress dependent sugar and autophagy pathways as well as novel genes in C. reinhardtii such as CKIN1, CKIN2 and a hitherto functionally not annotated protein named CKIN3. Cold stress affected extensively the physiology and the organization of the cell. Gluconeogenesis and starch biosynthesis pathways are activated leading to a pronounced starch and sugar accumulation. Quantitative lipid profiles indicate a sharp decrease in the lipophilic fraction and an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids suggesting this as a mechanism of maintaining membrane fluidity. The proteome is completely remodeled during cold stress: specific candidates of the ribosome and the spliceosome indicate altered biosynthesis and degradation of proteins important for adaptation to low temperatures. Specific proteasome degradation may be mediated by the observed cold-specific changes in the ubiquitinylation system. Sparse partial least squares regression analysis was applied for protein correlation network analysis using proteins as predictors and Fv/Fm, FW, total lipids, and starch as responses. We applied also Granger causality analysis and revealed correlations between proteins and metabolites otherwise not detectable. Twenty percent of the proteins responsive to cold are uncharacterized proteins. This presents a considerable resource for new discoveries in cold stress biology in alga and plants. Molecular &

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fig 5 Central Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Cold Stress Adaptation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Valledor

Furuhashi

Hanak

et al. 2013

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

129

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although many studies have been carried out to determine the substrate preference of heterogeneous expressed ∆6 Des, no structure-function studies have been achieved so far, not to mention how this substrate preference of ∆6 Des may be regulated by nutritional or environmental conditions. The molecular mechanism for the sensing of lowtemperature and induced expression of desaturase gene in eukaryotic organisms is unknown, however it has been investigated in cyanobacteria and Bacillus subtilis (Suzuki and Murata, 2000;Aguilar et al, 2001) and well reviewed (Sakamoto and Murata, 2002;Shivaji and Prakash, 2010). It was suggested that the primary signal perceived by a bacterium when exposed to low-temperature is the rigidification of the membrane.…”

Section: Potential Regulatory Mechanism Of the Molecular Switchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Switch That Controls the Flux of Linoleic Acid Into N-6 or N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Microorganisms

Wang

Chen²,

Zhang

et al. 2014

American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) of the n-6 and n-3 series play important roles in nutrition. Microorganisms are important sources of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids; however, most produce either n-6 or n-3 fatty acids as the major PUFAs and very few produce both. This differential production suggests that PUFAs metabolic pathway is strictly controlled in microorganisms. The major pathway of n-6/n-3 faty acids biosynthesis in lower eukaryotes is composed of ∆12 Desaturase (Des), ω3 Des (∆15, ∆17), ∆6 Des, ∆6 Elongase (Elo), ∆5 Des, ∆5 Elo and ∆4 Des, among which ∆6 Des and ∆15 (ω3) Des, located at the branch point of PUFAs metabolic pathways, are key regulators of the flux of linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) into either n-6 or n-3 fatty acid metabolic pathways. These latter two enzymes work together as a molecular switch that control the production of n-6/n-3 fatty acids. However the mechanism of the molecular switch is, so far, not clear. This review summarizes the recent advancement of the molecular base of the differentail production of n-6 or n-3 PUFAs in microorganisms.

show abstract

“…3); it is supported by the thermo-sensitive control of gene expression [189,190]. The expression of cold-inducible desaturases implicated in the control of lipid homeostasis of Synechocystis and B. subtilis is regulated by classical two-component systems of which the membrane-bound histidine kinases sense and transduce changes in the membrane fluidity [191][192][193][194]. Noteably in this context is a recent structural analysis of the histidine kinase DesK of Bacillus subtilis.…”

Section: Thermosensing Control Cascadesmentioning

confidence: 99%