Regulation of the Activity of the type ICEcoR124I Restriction Enzyme

Kulik, Eva M.; Bickle, Thomas A.

doi:10.1006/jmbi.1996.0685

Cited by 33 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Studies of EcoKI, one of the earliest-characterized type I enzymes, revealed that the enzyme does not behave as a selfish element (97). Similarly, EcoR124I, another well-studied type IC enzyme encoded on a large plasmid, does not seem to exhibit postsegregational killing (98). The importance of the selfish gene behavior of R-M systems in maintaining the methylation status of the genome is discussed below (see "Enforcing Methylation on the Genome").…”

Section: Additional Functions Of R-m Systems Selfish Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Functions of Restriction-Modification Systems in Addition to Cellular Defense

Vasu

Nagaraja

2013

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

507

462

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SUMMARY Restriction-modification (R-M) systems are ubiquitous and are often considered primitive immune systems in bacteria. Their diversity and prevalence across the prokaryotic kingdom are an indication of their success as a defense mechanism against invading genomes. However, their cellular defense function does not adequately explain the basis for their immaculate specificity in sequence recognition and nonuniform distribution, ranging from none to too many, in diverse species. The present review deals with new developments which provide insights into the roles of these enzymes in other aspects of cellular function. In this review, emphasis is placed on novel hypotheses and various findings that have not yet been dealt with in a critical review. Emerging studies indicate their role in various cellular processes other than host defense, virulence, and even controlling the rate of evolution of the organism. We also discuss how R-M systems could have successfully evolved and be involved in additional cellular portfolios, thereby increasing the relative fitness of their hosts in the population.

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Section: Additional Functions Of R-m Systems Selfish Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Functions of Restriction-Modification Systems in Addition to Cellular Defense

Vasu

Nagaraja

2013

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

507

462

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“…It has been shown that the bacterial chromosome becomes susceptible to restriction as cell growth dilutes the modification enzyme (Handa et al, 2000). However, while the loss of genes that specify some simple R-M systems leads to cell death, the loss of genes that specify other, more complex, R-M systems causes no detectable viability problem (O'Neill et al, 1997 ;Kulik & Bickle, 1996 ;Makovets et al, 1998). In this by EcoKI and thus forms plaques with reduced efficiency (e.o.p.…”

Section: Background and Aimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two complexes are functional in bacterial cells : one comprises all three subunits (R # M # S " ) and is an R-M system, and the other lacks R (M # S " ) and has only methyltransferase activity (Lautenberger & Linn, 1972 ;Suri & Bickle, 1985 ;Taylor et al, 1992). A separate promoter from which hsdR is transcribed suggests a means for regulating restriction activity, but experiments provide no evidence for the transcriptional regulation of any of those type I R-M systems for which data are available (Kulik & Bickle, 1996 ;Loenen et al, 1987 ;. Evidence is accumulating for the role of post-translational regulation of restriction activity (see section on the mechanism by which restriction activity of EcoKI is controlled).…”

Section: Types Of R-m Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immigration control of DNA in bacteria: self versus non-self

Murray¹

2002

Microbiology

152

143

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“…Some mechanism of control for type I systems was anticipated from early observations that the genes encoding the modification component of a type IB system, EcoAI, could not be transferred to a recipient containing a plasmid expressing the hsdR gene (Fuller-Pace et al, 1985;Suri and Bickle, 1985). More recently, it has been demonstrated that the efficient establishment of the genes encoding a type IA system (Prakash-Cheng et al, 1993) or a type IB system (Kulik and Bickle, 1996) in a new host is dependent on the product of the hsdC gene of E. coli, whereas the plasmid-encoded genes for a member of the IC family are efficiently transferred even to an hsdC ¹ recipient (Kulik and Bickle, 1996). Our experiments identify both polypeptides of the ClpXP protease as necessary for the efficient acquisition of the genes encoding either EcoKI or EcoAI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ClpX and ClpP are essential for the efficient acquisition of genes specifying type IA and IB restriction systems

Makovets

Titheradge

Murray

1998

Molecular Microbiology

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SummaryEfficient acquisition of genes that encode a restriction and modification (R-M) system with specificities different from any already present in the recipient bacterium requires the sequential production of the new modification enzyme followed by the restriction activity in order that the chromosome of the recipient bacterium is protected against attack by the restriction endonuclease. We show that ClpX and ClpP, the components of ClpXP protease, are necessary for the efficient transmission of the genes encoding EcoKI and EcoAI, representatives of two families of type I R-M systems, thus implicating ClpXP in the modulation of restriction activity. Loss of ClpX imposed a bigger barrier than loss of ClpP, consistent with a dual role for ClpX, possibly as a chaperone and as a component of the ClpXP protease. Transmission of genes specifying EcoKI was more dependent on ClpX and ClpP than transmission of the genes for EcoAI. Sensitivity to absence of the protease was also influenced by the mode of gene transfer; conjugative transfer and transformation were more dependent on ClpXP than transduction. In the absence of either ClpX or ClpP transfer of the EcoKI genes by P1-mediated transduction was impaired, transfer of the EcoAI genes was not.

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Regulation of the Activity of the type ICEcoR124I Restriction Enzyme

Cited by 33 publications

References 58 publications

Diverse Functions of Restriction-Modification Systems in Addition to Cellular Defense

Diverse Functions of Restriction-Modification Systems in Addition to Cellular Defense

Immigration control of DNA in bacteria: self versus non-self

ClpX and ClpP are essential for the efficient acquisition of genes specifying type IA and IB restriction systems

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