Regulation of T cell repertoires by commensal microbiota

Abstract

The gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating the host immune systems. It is well established that various commensal microbial species can induce the differentiation of CD4+ T helper subsets such as Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and Th17 cells in antigen-dependent manner. The ability of certain microbial species to induce either Treg cells or Th17 cells is often linked to the altered susceptibility to certain immune disorders that are provoked by aberrant T cell response against self-antigens. These findings raise an important question as to how gut microbiota can regulate T cell repertoire and the activation of autoreactive T cells. This review will highlight microbiota-dependent regulation of thymic T cell development, maintenance of T cell repertoire in the secondary lymphoid tissues and the intestine, and microbiota-mediated modulation of autoreactive and tumor neoantigen-specific T cells in autoimmune diseases and tumors, respectively.

T cells heal bone fractures with help from the gut microbiome

“…coli in the gut and an inflammatory response at other mucosal surfaces, suggesting that there is a T cell memory of microbial species that is tissue specific. This result also indicates that the microbiome educates T cells in a tissue-specific manner ( 17 ). Moreover, these observations also suggest that a majority of T cells take up long-term residence in the gut ( 17 ).…”

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The role of the symbiotic microecosystem in cancer: gut microbiota, metabolome, and host immunome

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