Regulation of spiroimine neurotoxins and hemolytic activity in laboratory cultures of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium peruvianum (Balech &amp; Mendiola) Balech &amp; Tangen

Tatters, Avery O.; Wagoner, Ryan M. Van; Wright, Jeffrey L. C.; Tomas, Carmelo R.

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2012.07.002

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…) and North Carolina, USA (Tatters et al. ). In any case, cell SPX quota estimates based on field samples are prone to various methodological biases and assumptions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological, molecular, and toxin analysis of field populations of Alexandrium genus from the Argentine Sea

Fabro

Almandoz

Ferrario

et al. 2017

Journal of Phycology

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In the Argentine Sea, blooms of toxigenic dinoflagellates of the Alexandrium tamarense species complex have led to fish and bird mortalities and human deaths as a consequence of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). Yet little is known about the occurrence of other toxigenic species of the genus Alexandrium, or of their toxin composition beyond coastal waters. The distribution of Alexandrium species and related toxins in the Argentine Sea was determined by sampling surface waters on an oceanographic expedition during austral spring from ~39°S to 48°S. Light microscope and SEM analysis for species identification and enumeration was supplemented by confirmatory PCR analysis from field samples. The most frequent Alexandrium taxon identified by microscopy corresponded to the classical description of A. tamarense. Only weak signals of Group I from the A. tamarense species complex were detected by PCR of bulk field samples, but phylogenetic reconstruction of rDNA sequences from single cells from one station assigned them to ribotype Group I (Alexandrium catenella). PCR probes for Alexandrium minutum and Alexandrium ostenfeldii yielded a positive signal, although A. minutum morphology did not completely match the classical description. Analysis of PSP toxin composition of plankton samples revealed toxin profiles dominated by gonyautoxins (GTX1/4). The main toxic cyclic imine detected was 13-desMe-spirolide C and this supported the association with A. ostenfeldii in the field. This study represents the first integrated molecular, morphological and toxinological analysis of field populations of the genus Alexandrium in the Argentine Sea.

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“…) and North Carolina, USA (Tatters et al. ). In any case, cell SPX quota estimates based on field samples are prone to various methodological biases and assumptions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological, molecular, and toxin analysis of field populations of Alexandrium genus from the Argentine Sea

Fabro

Almandoz

Ferrario

et al. 2017

Journal of Phycology

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“…This assay is based on lysis of erythrocytes due to hemolytic compounds and subsequent photometrical determination of the released hemoglobin. In the context of marine dinoflagellates, the ELA has broadly been used on different red blood cell lines to detect hemolytic compounds from different microalgae such as Alexandrium (Tatters et al, 2012), Karenia (Tatters et al, 2010), Ostreopsis cf. ovata (Nascimento et al, 2012a) and Gambierdiscus (Holland et al, 2013).…”

Section: Erythrocyte Lysis Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity screening of 13 Gambierdiscus strains using neuro-2a and erythrocyte lysis bioassays

et al. 2017

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Species in the epi-benthic dinoflagellate genus Gambierdiscus produce ciguatoxins (CTXs) and maitotoxins (MTXs), which are among the most potent marine toxins known. Consumption of fish contaminated with sufficient quantities of CTXs causes Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP), the largest cause of non-bacterial food poisoning worldwide. Maitotoxins, which can be found in the digestive system of fish, could also contribute to CFP if such tissues are consumed. Recently, an increasing number of Gambierdiscus species have been identified; yet, little is known about the variation in toxicity among Gambierdiscus strains or species. This study is the first assessment of relative CTX- and MTX-toxicity of Gambierdiscus species from areas as widespread as the North-Eastern Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. A total of 13 strains were screened: (i) seven Pacific strains of G. australes, G. balechii, G. caribaeus, G. carpenteri, G. pacificus, G. scabrosus and one strain of an undetermined species (Gambierdiscus sp. Viet Nam), (ii) five strains from the North-Eastern Atlantic Ocean (two G. australes, a single G. excentricus and two G. silvae strains), and (iii) one G. carolinianus strain from the Mediterranean Sea. Cell pellets of Gambierdiscus were extracted with methanol and the crude extracts partitioned into a CTX-containing dichloromethane fraction and a MTX-containing aqueous methanol fraction. CTX-toxicity was estimated using the neuro-2a cytoxicity assay, and MTX-toxicity via a human erythrocyte lysis assay. Different species were grouped into different ratios of CTX- and MTX-toxicity, however, the ratio was not related to the geographical origin of species (Atlantic, Mediterranean, Pacific). All strains showed MTX-toxicity, ranging from 1.5 to 86pg MTX equivalents (eq) cell. All but one of the strains showed relatively low CTX-toxicity ranging from 0.6 to 50 fg CTX3C eq cell. The exception was the highly toxic G. excentricus strain from the Canary Islands, which produced 1426 fg CTX3C eq cell. As was true for CTX, the highest MTX-toxicity was also found in G. excentricus. Thus, the present study confirmed that at least one species from the Atlantic Ocean demonstrates similar toxicity as the most toxic strains from the Pacific, even if the metabolites in fish have so far been shown to be more toxic in the Pacific Ocean.

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“…EC 50 values for hemolyis of A. ostenfeldii Group I from the USA coast given by Tomas et al (2012) and Tatters et al (2012) for the same isolate (14 Â 10 3 and 7 Â 10 3 cells, respectively; values given as ''cells'' and not as a concentration) are more difficult to compare and refer to cell extracts. By using an erythrocyte lysis assay, Tomas et al (2012) found only limited lysis in cell free supernatant of the A. ostenfeldii clones from coastal North Carolina, whereas particularly cell pellets had the highest lytic activity.…”

Section: Alexandrium Ostenfeldiimentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of multiple isolates from an Alexandrium ostenfeldii bloom in The Netherlands

et al. 2015

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Regulation of spiroimine neurotoxins and hemolytic activity in laboratory cultures of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium peruvianum (Balech & Mendiola) Balech & Tangen

Cited by 15 publications

References 58 publications

Morphological, molecular, and toxin analysis of field populations of Alexandrium genus from the Argentine Sea

Morphological, molecular, and toxin analysis of field populations of Alexandrium genus from the Argentine Sea

Toxicity screening of 13 Gambierdiscus strains using neuro-2a and erythrocyte lysis bioassays

Characterization of multiple isolates from an Alexandrium ostenfeldii bloom in The Netherlands

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