Regulation of skeletal muscle growth in fish by the growth hormone – Insulin-like growth factor system

Fuentes, Eduardo N.; Valdés, Juan Antonio; Molina, Alfredo; Björnsson, Björn Thrándur

doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.06.009

Cited by 250 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Given the complexity of the neuroendocrine control of GH secretion (Canosa et al 2007), the inhibitory effects of cortisol on the plasma levels of the GH secretagogue ghrelin (Pankhurst et al 2008, Janzen et al 2012 and the presence of GH binding proteins in fish (Sohm et al 1998), we suggest that the discrepancy between pituitary GH gene transcription and plasma GH levels in this study may result from changes in the multifactorial regulation of pituitary GH secretion and from an increase in the circulating levels of GH binding proteins. Overall, even though IGFs are recognized as the primary mediators of the growth-promoting effects of the GH/IGF system, since GH can directly stimulate muscle growth in fish (reviewed by Fuentes et al (2013)) our results indicate that a reduction in plasma GH levels may contribute to the growth-suppressing effects of chronic cortisol in rainbow trout.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Chronic cortisol and the regulation of food intake and the endocrine growth axis in rainbow trout

Madison

Tavakoli

Krämer

et al. 2015

Journal of Endocrinology

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To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms by which cortisol suppresses growth during chronic stress in fish, we characterized the effects of chronic cortisol on food intake, mass gain, the expression of appetite-regulating factors, and the activity of the GH/IGF axis. Fish given osmotic pumps that maintained plasma cortisol levels at w70 or 116 ng/ml for 34 days were sampled 14, 28 and 42 days post-implantation. Relative to shams, the cortisol treatments reduced food intake by 40-60% and elicited marked increases in liver leptin (lep-a1) and brain preoptic area (POA) corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) mRNA levels. The cortisol treatments also elicited 40-80% reductions in mass gain associated with increases in pituitary gh, liver gh receptor (ghr), liver igfI and igf binding protein (igfbp)-1 and -2 mRNA levels, reduced plasma GH and no change in plasma IGF1. During recovery, while plasma GH and pituitary gh, liver ghr and igfI gene expression did not differ between treatments, the high cortisol-treated fish had lower plasma IGF1 and elevated liver igfbp1 mRNA levels. Finally, the cortisol-treated fish had higher plasma glucose levels, reduced liver glycogen and lipid reserves, and muscle lipid content. Thus, our findings suggest that the growth-suppressing effects of chronic cortisol in rainbow trout result from reduced food intake mediated at least in part by increases in liver lep-a1 and POA crf mRNA, from sustained increases in hepatic igfbp1 expression that reduce the growth-promoting actions of the GH/IGF axis, and from a mobilization of energy reserves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Chronic cortisol and the regulation of food intake and the endocrine growth axis in rainbow trout

Madison

Tavakoli

Krämer

et al. 2015

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…It is well established in vertebrates that insulin-like growth factor-1 stimulates activation of the PI3 K/Akt/ mTOR cascade, increasing protein synthesis and hypertrophic muscle growth (Engert et al 1996;Zhang et al 2008;Duan et al 2010), and inactivates FOXO transcription factors, decreasing the expression of atrogin-1/ MAFbx and MuRF1 (Sacheck et al 2004;Edstron et al 2006;Cleveland et al 2009;Fuentes et al 2013). In this context, the lower IGF-1 expression observed in fasted tilapia juveniles likely plays a role in the higher expression of MuRF1 and atrogin-1, consequently inducing muscle atrophy, over extended periods of time, and blocking somatic growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Myostatin is a member of the transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b) superfamily that functions as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development and growth in mammals; however, in fish, myostatin is also present in other tissues and in other forms (Maccatrozzo et al 2001;Rios et al 2002;Acosta et al 2005;De Santis et al 2012). Another regulator of muscle growth in vertebrates is the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) which represents the main autocrine and paracrine regulatory mechanisms of skeletal muscle by activation of the PI3 k/Akt pathway which consequently increases protein synthesis, associated with muscle hypertrophy (Glass 2003;Sacheck et al 2004;Kandarian and Jackman 2006;Fuentes et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration in expression of atrogenes and IGF-1 induced by fasting in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus juveniles

et al. 2017

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The growth rate of farmed fish is an important factor regarding aquaculture success. An understanding of the cellular events that occur in skeletal muscle when fish undergo periods of fasting and refeeding provides information useful in developing alternative feeding strategies for improving muscle growth in commercially cultivated species. To evaluate the effect of 1-3 weeks of fasting and 10 weeks of refeeding in Nile tilapia juveniles, we analyzed the growth performance and changes in muscle cellularity and the expression of the following growth and muscle related genes: MyoD, myogenin, IGF-1, IGF-1 receptor, MuRF-1, atrogin-1 and myostatin. Reduced body mass was observed in all three groups of fasted fish during their time off feed, and 10 weeks of refeeding resulted in partial compensatory growth of body mass. No differences in the frequency of white muscle fiber diameters were observed between fasted and fed control fish treatments. However, changes in gene expression induced by fasting and refeeding were found. IGF-1 receptor, ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and atrogin-1 expression increased during the 1-3 weeks of fasting, while IGF-1 levels dropped significantly (P \ 0.001) compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, myogenin mRNA level in fish submitted to 3 weeks of fasting was higher in comparison to the control treatment (P \ 0.05). Overall, our results showed that 1-3 weeks of fasting can induce muscle atrophy activation in Nile tilapia juveniles, and 10 weeks of refeeding is enough to induce only partial compensatory growth.

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“…Similarly the expression of mRNA IGF-I, IGF-II, and type I and II IGF receptors (IGF-IR and IGF-IIR) in breast, leg and myocardium during an early postnatal development growth stage of duck at 1-8 weeks of post hatch period (Song et al, (2013) which indicating the expression of these 4 genes differed in proliferation and differentiation of muscle tissues. IGFs in fish promote myogenic cell proliferation, differentiation and synthesis of protein (Fuentes et al, 2013). Myostatin (MSTN) negatively regulated muscle growth and develops during embryogenesis in vertebrates: sole gene in mammals, gene duplication in fish and alternative splicing in birds .…”

Section: Effect Of Growth Factors (Gfs) In Myogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle development in vertebrate animals

Shahjahan

2015

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res

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This review covers the pre-and post-natal development of skeletal muscle of vertebrate animals with cellular and molecular levels. The formation of skeletal muscle initiates from paraxial mesoderm during embryogenesis of individuals which develops somites and subsequently forms dermomyotome derived myotome to give rise axial musculature. This process (myogenesis) includes stem and progenitor cell maintenance, lineage specification, and terminal differentiation to form myofibrils consequent muscle fibers which control muscle mass and its multiplication. The main factors of muscle growth are proliferation and differentiation of myogenic cells in prenatal stage and also the growth of satellite cells at postnatal stage. There is no net increase in the number of muscle fibers in vertebrate animals after hatch or birth except fish. The development of muscle is characterized by hyperplasia and hypertrophy in prenatal and postnatal stages of individuals, respectively, through Wnt signalling pathway including environment, nutrition, sex, feed, growth and myogenic regulatory factors. Therefore further studies could elucidate new growth related genes, markers and factors to enhance meat production and enrich knowledge on muscle growth.

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Regulation of skeletal muscle growth in fish by the growth hormone – Insulin-like growth factor system

Cited by 250 publications

References 131 publications

Chronic cortisol and the regulation of food intake and the endocrine growth axis in rainbow trout

Chronic cortisol and the regulation of food intake and the endocrine growth axis in rainbow trout

Alteration in expression of atrogenes and IGF-1 induced by fasting in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus juveniles

Skeletal muscle development in vertebrate animals

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