Regulation of SIRT1 in cellular functions: Role of polyphenols

Abstract

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is known to deacetylate histones and non-histone proteins including transcription factors thereby regulating metabolism, stress resistance, cellular survival, cellular senescence/aging, inflammation-immune function, and endothelial functions, and circadian rhythms. Naturally occurring dietary polyphenols, such as resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, and catechins, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties via modulating different pathways, such as NF-κB-and mitogen activated protein kinase-dependent signaling pathways. In addition, these polyphenols have also been shown to activate SIRT1 directly or indirectly in a variety of models. Therefore, activation of SIRT1 by polyphenols is beneficial for regulation of calorie restriction, oxidative stress, inflammation, cellular senescence, autophagy/apoptosis, autoimmunity, metabolism, adipogenesis, circadian rhythm, skeletal muscle function, mitochondria biogenesis and endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we describe the regulation of SIRT1 by dietary polyphenols in various cellular functions in response to environmental and pro-inflammatory stimuli.

Regulation and function of SIRT1 in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts

“…Despite effects of with the presence or absence of p53 [11,12]. Interestingly, p53 was shown to be overexpressed in RA synovium and to contribute to the regulation of synoviocyte invasiveness, apoptosis and proliferation [49][50][51].…”

Review paper Neurogenesis and neuroprotection in postischemic brain neurodegeneration with Alzheimer phenotype: is there a role for curcumin?

“…Both pathways are involved in the modification of neuronal plasticity. Moreover, curcumin might influence neurogenesis by affecting genes, including histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases, among them sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) ( Table I) [8,56].…”

Clinical relevance of epigenetics in the onset and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…98 Moreover, synthetic SIRT1 activators, such as SRT1720, have been developed to improve glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in animal models of T2DM. 93,99 A number of clinical trials have investigated the effect of resveratrol on T2DM, gestational diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome ( Table 2). The completed trial NCT01677611 is the first human study that examined the effect of oral resveratrol administration on the expression of skeletal muscle SIRT1, which regulates energy expenditure through increased skeletal muscle SIRT1 and AMPK expression.…”

“…92,93 Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), by deacetylating histone and non-histone proteins, exerts a protective effect against chronic degenerative diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. 93 Some reports suggested that SIRT1 mediates the effects of metformin, a drug that corrects hyperglycemia, through inhibition of gluconeogenesis. In Table 2.…”