“…On the contrary, recombinant hVDAC3 has been reported to form a relatively small conductance channel in the bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) . The gating properties of VDAC1 depend on the membrane potential, interaction with various metabolites, and ligands, such as Bax and Bid, , plasminogen, mercuric chloride, quinidine, and hydrogen peroxide, and post-translational modifications by enzymes, − e.g., protein kinase A , and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. ,,, Moreover, VDAC1 is one of the primary regulators of OMM permeability, mediating cytochrome c release, where critical mitochondrial Ca 2+ concentration is an essential determinant of a cell’s response to apoptotic signals …”