Regulation of Root Development and Architecture by Strigolactones under Optimal and Nutrient Deficiency Conditions

Marzec, Marek; Melzer, Michael

doi:10.3390/ijms19071887

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…When plants face nutrient starvation, root morphology is also affected, and its area usually increases. However, specific effects depend on the element supplied in lower quantities, as the root response is focused on the assimilation of the specific nutrient [161]. One of the most studied deficiencies is P, which decreases the growth of the primary roots, while induces the expansion of secondary roots, hairy root growth and the formation of cluster roots, due to variations in endogenous levels of sugars and phytohormones [162].…”

Section: Root Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Root Involvement in Plant Responses to Adverse Environmental Conditions

et al. 2020

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Climate change is altering the environment in which plants grow and survive. An increase in worldwide Earth surface temperatures has been already observed, together with an increase in the intensity of other abiotic stress conditions such as water deficit, high salinity, heavy metal intoxication, etc., generating harmful conditions that destabilize agricultural systems. Stress conditions deeply affect physiological, metabolic and morphological traits of plant roots, essential organs for plant survival as they provide physical anchorage to the soil, water and nutrient uptake, mechanisms for stress avoidance, specific signals to the aerial part and to the biome in the soil, etc. However, most of the work performed until now has been mainly focused on aerial organs and tissues. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the effects of different abiotic stress conditions on root molecular and physiological responses. First, we revise the methods used to study these responses (omics and phenotyping techniques). Then, we will outline how environmental stress conditions trigger various signals in roots for allowing plant cells to sense and activate the adaptative responses. Later, we discuss on some of the main regulatory mechanisms controlling root adaptation to stress conditions, the interplay between hormonal regulatory pathways and the global changes on gene expression and protein homeostasis. We will present recent advances on how the root system integrates all these signals to generate different physiological responses, including changes in morphology, long distance signaling and root exudation. Finally, we will discuss the new prospects and challenges in this field.

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Section: Root Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Root Involvement in Plant Responses to Adverse Environmental Conditions

et al. 2020

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“…The presence of these structures was reported in other in vitro culture systems between ECM and conifers, for example, Picea abies cell culture induced ectomycorrhizal fungi to form mycorrhiza-like structures which normally are only generated in the presence of host roots [29]. It is unclear what is the natural compound associated with the change in root architecture, like that which occurs with strigolactones in the interaction promotion with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Studies of Mycorrhized Roots and Mycorrhizal-Like-Structures in Pine Roots

Ragonezi

Zavattieri

2018

MPs

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Several studies have shown the potential of using Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi in conifer micropropagation to overcome the cessation of adventitious root development. In vitro inoculation promotes the re-growth of the root system induced previously by auxin treatments, facilitating acclimation and diminishing the losses of plants because of a weak root system that is incapable of water and nutrient absorption. During a series of mycorrhization experiments, cryostat and ultrafine cuts were used to study the morpho-histological transformation of the symbiotic roots. To obtain cryostat cuts from pine roots a method frequently used for animal tissue was adopted. Molecular methods allowed fungi identification in all the mycorrhization phases and in the acclimation of derived plants. Mycorrhizal-like-structures derived from in vitro culture and axenic liquid cultures of roots were microscopically analyzed and compare with mycorrhizal roots.

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“…Strigolactones (SLs) are a group of carotenoid-derived plant hormones, which were demonstrated for the first time in 2008 as regulators that can inhibit the outgrowth of axillary buds, whose function is highly conserved in both monocots and dicots [ 4 , 5 ]. Other functions have been proposed for SLs in the regulation of plant growth and development, including accelerating leaf senescence [ 6 , 7 ], promoting secondary growth of stems [ 8 ], regulating plant root development [ 9 ], mediating plant tolerance to nutrient deficiency [ 10 ], and enhancing plant response to drought and high salt stress [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of TaD14-4D, a Gene Involved in Strigolactone Signaling, with Yield Contributing Traits in Wheat

Liu

Hou

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Tillering is a crucial agronomic trait of wheat; it determines yield and plant architecture. Strigolactones (SLs) have been reported to inhibit plant branching. D14, a receptor of SLs, has been described to affect tillering in rice, yet it has seldomly been studied in wheat. In this study, three TaD14 homoeologous genes, TaD14-4A, TaD14-4B, and TaD14-4D, were identified. TaD14-4A, TaD14-4B, and TaD14-4D were constitutively expressed, and TaD14-4D had a higher expression level in most tissues. TaD14 proteins were localized in both cytoplasm and nucleus. An SNP and a 22 bp insertion/deletion (Indel) at the exon regions of TaD14-4D were detected, forming three haplotypes, namely 4D-HapI, 4D-HapII, and 4D-HapIII. Due to the frameshift mutation in the coding region of 4D-HapII, the interaction of 4D-HapII with TaMAX2 and TaD53 was blocked, which led to the blocking of SL signal transduction. Based on the two variation sites, two molecular markers, namely dCAPS-250 and Indel-747, were developed. Association analysis suggested that haplotypes of TaD14-4D were associated with effective tillering number (ETN) and thousand kernel weight (TKW) simultaneously in four environments. The favorable haplotype 4D-HapIII underwent positive selection in global wheat breeding. This study provides insights into understanding the function of natural variations of TaD14-4D and develops two useful molecular markers for wheat breeding.

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Regulation of Root Development and Architecture by Strigolactones under Optimal and Nutrient Deficiency Conditions

Cited by 36 publications

References 64 publications

Root Involvement in Plant Responses to Adverse Environmental Conditions

Root Involvement in Plant Responses to Adverse Environmental Conditions

Histological Studies of Mycorrhized Roots and Mycorrhizal-Like-Structures in Pine Roots

Association of TaD14-4D, a Gene Involved in Strigolactone Signaling, with Yield Contributing Traits in Wheat

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