“…In many species, a eusocial colony is composed of one queen and largely non-reproductive workers that are the queen's offspring (Wilson, 1971, Michener, 1974. Whether a queen's offspring becomes a worker or a future queen is often mediated by the queen herself: for example, (1) the queen in some social wasps and bees maintains the reproductive monopoly of the colony through aggression (Fletcher and Ross, 1985); (2) in many social insects the queen can feed offspring with food of different quantity or quality influencing offspring's future reproductive caste (i.e., queen or worker) (e.g., O'Donnell, 1998, Bourke and Ratnieks, 1999, Kapheim et al, 2011, Brand and Chapuisat, 2012; (3) in an ant species the queen can deposit hormones in the eggs inducing offspring to develop into workers (Schwander et al, 2008); (4) in certain wasp and termite species the queen can produce pheromones that prevent offspring from becoming queens (Bhadra et al, 2010, Matsuura et al, 2010; and (5) in honeybees queen pheromones can induce workers to feed larvae without royal jelly causing larvae to develop into workers (Le Conte andHefetz, 2008, Kamakura, 2011). In addition to influencing caste determination, queens can use pheromones to keep workers' ovaries undeveloped (e.g., Holman et al, 2010, Van Oystaeyen et al, 2014, and to alter workers' brain functioning inducing workers to perform various tasks (Beggs et al, 2007).…”