Regulation of redox signaling by reactive sulfur species

Abstract

Reactive sulfur species, such as cysteine persulfide, are produced endogenously at significant levels in cells and have rapidly emerged as common biomolecules. By virtue of improved analytical methods for detecting reactive persulfides, it has been demonstrated that these reactive molecules exhibit unique chemical properties and are present in various forms in vivo. Accumulating evidence has suggested that persulfides may be involved in a variety of biological processes, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses, biosynthesis of sulfurcontaining molecules, mitochondrial energy metabolism via sulfur respiration, and cytoprotection via regulation of redox signal transduction induced by endogenous and exogenous electrophiles. Elucidation of the persulfide-dependent metabolism of redox signals is expected to facilitate our understanding of the importance of persulfides in regulating redox signals.

Impact of spaceflight and artificial gravity on sulfur metabolism in mouse liver: sulfur metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis

“…GSH decreased after spaceflight, and GS-SH (persulfide form of GSH) decreased in MG mice, whereas GS-S2H (persulfide form of GS-SH) and GS-S3H (persulfide form of GS-S2H) did not change significantly. Here, GS-SH exhibits cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress 33 . In contrast, there was no significant change in GSSG, GS-S-SG (a persulfide form of GSSG), GS-S2-SG (a persulfide form of GS-S-SG), and GS-S3-SG (a persulfide form of GS-S2-SG).…”

Sulphide Donor Exhibits Cytoprotective and Antioxidative Activity in UV-induced HaCaT Cell Lines

“…It is currently an established fact that RSS plays an important role in scavenging ROS. In addition, the persulphides (for example cysteine hydropersulphides (CysSSH), glutathione persulphides (GSSH), was said to have higher nucleophilicity compared to the conservative thiol are gaining more attention as of late, particularly in redox modulation and electrophiles detoxification (Kasamatsu & Ihara, 2021;Shinkai & Kumagai, 2019). The crosstalk between the ROS and RSS have been implicated in various cellular signalling (Heppner et.…”

Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Upregulates Reactive Sulfur Species Production <i>via</i> ERK1/2 Signal-Mediated Cystathionine γ-Lyase Induction in Cultured Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells

“…There are two types of RSS; one is the low-molecular-mass RSS such as hydrogen sulfide, cysteine persulfide/ polysulfide, and glutathione persulfide/polysulfide and the oth- er is the high-molecular-mass RSS such as protein persulfide/ polysulfide. 18) Next, the intracellular content of low-molecular-mass RSS, hydrogen sulfide, cysteine persulfide, and glutathione persulfide, was quantitatively determined (Fig. 1B).…”