Regulation of rabbit acute phase protein biosynthesis by monokines

Abstract

We defined the acute phase behaviour of a number of rabbit plasma proteins in studies (in vivo) and studied the effects of monokine preparations on their synthesis by rabbit primary hepatocyte cultures. Following turpentine injection, increased serum levels of C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A protein, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, and decreased concentrations of albumin were observed. In contrast to what is observed in man, concentrations of alpha 2-macroglobulin and transferrin were increased. Co-culture of primary hepatocyte cultures with lipopolysaccharide-activated human peripheral blood monocytes or incubation with conditioned medium prepared from lipopolysaccharide-activated human or rabbit monocytes resulted in dose-dependent induction of serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and transferrin and depression of albumin synthesis, while C-reactive protein synthesis and mRNA levels remained unchanged. A variety of interleukin-1 preparations induced dose-dependent increases in the synthesis and secretion of serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and transferrin and decreased albumin synthesis. Human recombinant tumour necrosis factor (cachectin) induced a dose-dependent increase in synthesis of haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin. In general, human interleukin-1 was more potent than mouse interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor. None of the monokines we studied had an effect on C-reactive protein synthesis or mRNA levels. These data confirm that C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin display acute phase behaviour in the rabbit, and demonstrate that, in contrast to their behaviour in man, alpha 2M and transferrin are positive acute phase proteins in this species. While both interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor regulate biosynthesis of a number of these acute phase proteins in rabbit primary hepatocyte cultures, neither of these monokines induced C-reactive protein synthesis. Comparison of these findings with those in human hepatoma cell lines, in which interleukin-1 does not induce serum amyloid A synthesis, suggests that the effect of interleukin-1 on serum amyloid A synthesis may be indirect.

Effect of Ongoing Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis on P-Wave Dispersion

“…12 Of the inflammatory markers, CRP is synthesized by the liver in response to interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and other cytokines. 17 Increased CRP levels show both the activity of this chronic disease and make up an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis 8,18 and arrhythmias. 19 Elevated ESR and leucocytes are expected findings in this chronic inflammatory process and were shown in previous studies to be associated with cardiovascular events.…”

Tumor necrosis factor induces phosphorylation of a 28-kDa mRNA cap-binding protein in human cervical carcinoma cells.

“…TNF-a is thought to be one of the host-derived factors that leads to the mobilization of energy stores during the acutephase response (26) to tissue injury, infection, or chronic disease states, including cancer (27,28). TNF-a is also important in the immune response and hematopoiesis, as it stimulates the synthesis of other cytokines, such as interleukin 1 (29), interleukin 6 (30), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (31).…”

Pig Major Acute-Phase Protein and apolipoprotein A-I responses correlate with the clinical course of experimentally induced African Swine Fever and Aujeszky's disease

“…Studies have shown important variation in the APP response among species. APP were first characterised in humans [20], rodents [19,22] and later in other animal species, such as pigs [13,21]. Clinical use of APP determination has been proposed in veterinary medicine to determine the health status of farm animals in various production processes [14,28,39].…”