Regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence by Distinct Iron Sources

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium and versatile opportunistic pathogen. Like most other organisms, P. aeruginosa requires iron for survival, yet iron rapidly reacts with oxygen and water to form stable ferric (FeIII) oxides and hydroxides, limiting its availability to living organisms. During infection, iron is also sequestered by the host innate immune system, further limiting its availability. P. aeruginosa’s capacity to cause disease in diverse host environments is due to its ability to scavenge iron from a variety of host iron sources. Work over the past two decades has further shown that different iron sources can affect the expression of distinct virulence traits. This review discusses how the individual components of P. aeruginosa’s iron regulatory network allow this opportunist to adapt to a multitude of host environments during infection.

FeGenie: A Comprehensive Tool for the Identification of Iron Genes and Iron Gene Neighborhoods in Genome and Metagenome Assemblies

“…Two such ECF sigma factors, PvdS and FpvI, are included in FeGenie's HMM library. PvdS controls expression of genes for pyoverdine biosynthesis, while FpvI controls expression of a TonB-dependent siderophore receptor (Reinhart and Oglesby-Sherrouse, 2016). In addition, we also included the FecR regulatory protein, which signals an (ECF) sigma factor to promote the expression of genes responsible for ferric citrate transport (Stiefel et al, 2001).…”

In vivo emergence of resistance to cefiderocol in an XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa and an MDR Citrobacter koseri after prolonged therapy: a case report.

“…Iron is essential for bacterial growth. While also relying on siderophores for iron intake, P. aeruginosa developed various ways of absorbing iron (19). Whether this might be an additional resistance pattern to siderophore antibiotics is unknown.…”

Медикаментозне Обмеження Доступності Іонів Заліза Для Патогенних Бактерій (Частина 1)

“…Установлено, что избыток железа в макроорганизме ассоциирован с развитием хронического течения инфекцион-ного процесса, поскольку высокие уровни ионов железа способствуют формированию биопленки патогенных бактерий. Высокие уровни концен-трации ионов железа необходимы для формиро-вания бактериальных кластеров на ранних этапах развития биопленки и созревания биопленок в трехмерные структуры [5,38,44]. Снижение уров-ня доступности железа для патогенных микро-организмов возможно за счет снижения уровня концентрации доступных ионов железа, ингиби-рования бактериальных механизмов, отвечающих за поглощение железа, или подмены ионов железа ионами другого металла.…”