Regulation of Polyp-to-Jellyfish Transition in Aurelia aurita

Fuchs, B.; Wang, Wei; Graspeuntner, Simon; Li, Yizhu; Insua, Santiago; Herbst, Eva-Maria; Dirksen, Philipp; Böhm, Anna-Marei; Hemmrich, Georg; Sommer, Felix; Domazet-Lošo, Tomislav; Klostermeier, Ulrich C.; Anton-Erxleben, Friederike; Rosenstiel, Philip; Bosch, Thomas C. G.; Khalturin, Konstantin

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.12.003

Cited by 155 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Moreover, the role of the associated microbiota might also be important to understand and control reproductive mechanisms to restrict jellyfish blooms. In this respect, it was recently demonstrated that a watersoluble membrane-diffusible molecule (an indole derivative) is significantly involved in the induction of A. aurita proliferation (77). Since it is currently not clear whether the host exclusively produces the effector molecule, it is attractive to speculate that similar or antagonistic molecules might be synthesized by the associated microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition of Bacterial Communities Associated with Aurelia aurita Changes with Compartment, Life Stage, and Population

Weiland‐Bräuer

Neulinger

Pinnow

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

137

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The scyphozoan Aurelia aurita is recognized as a key player in marine ecosystems and a driver of ecosystem change. It is thus intensely studied to address ecological questions, although its associations with microorganisms remain so far undescribed. In the present study, the microbiota associated with A. aurita was visualized with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, and community structure was analyzed with respect to different life stages, compartments, and populations of A. aurita by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We demonstrate that the composition of the A. aurita microbiota is generally highly distinct from the composition of communities present in ambient water. Comparison of microbial communities from different developmental stages reveals evidence for life stage-specific community patterns. Significant restructuring of the microbiota during strobilation from benthic polyp to planktonic life stages is present, arguing for a restructuring during the course of metamorphosis. Furthermore, the microbiota present in different compartments of the adult medusa (exumbrella mucus and gastric cavity) display significant differences, indicating body part-specific colonization. A novel Mycoplasma strain was identified in both compartment-specific microbiota and is most likely present inside the epithelium as indicated by FISH analysis of polyps, indicating potential endosymbiosis. Finally, comparison of polyps of different populations kept under the same controlled laboratory conditions in the same ambient water showed population-specific community patterns, most likely due the genetic background of the host. In conclusion, the presented data indicate that the associated microbiota of A. aurita may play important functional roles, e.g., during the life cycle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition of Bacterial Communities Associated with Aurelia aurita Changes with Compartment, Life Stage, and Population

Weiland‐Bräuer

Neulinger

Pinnow

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

137

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“…For chemical-induced strobilation, we used the recent finding in ref. 72. Polyps were incubated in 50 mM 5-methoxy-2-methyl-indole (Sigma; M15451) at 68°F and replaced daily.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-repairing symmetry in jellyfish through mechanically driven reorganization

Abrams

Basinger

Yuan

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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What happens when an animal is injured and loses important structures? Some animals simply heal the wound, whereas others are able to regenerate lost parts. In this study, we report a previously unidentified strategy of self-repair, where moon jellyfish respond to injuries by reorganizing existing parts, and rebuilding essential body symmetry, without regenerating what is lost. Specifically, in response to arm amputation, the young jellyfish of Aurelia aurita rearrange their remaining arms, recenter their manubria, and rebuild their muscular networks, all completed within 12 hours to 4 days. We call this process symmetrization. We find that symmetrization is not driven by external cues, cell proliferation, cell death, and proceeded even when foreign arms were grafted on. Instead, we find that forces generated by the muscular network are essential. Inhibiting pulsation using muscle relaxants completely, and reversibly, blocked symmetrization. Furthermore, we observed that decreasing pulse frequency using muscle relaxants slowed symmetrization, whereas increasing pulse frequency by lowering the magnesium concentration in seawater accelerated symmetrization. A mathematical model that describes the compressive forces from the muscle contraction, within the context of the elastic response from the mesoglea and the ephyra geometry, can recapitulate the recovery of global symmetry. Thus, self-repair in Aurelia proceeds through the reorganization of existing parts, and is driven by forces generated by its own propulsion machinery. We find evidence for symmetrization across species of jellyfish (Chrysaora pacifica, Mastigias sp., and Cotylorhiza tuberculata).self-repair | reorganization | jellyfish | symmetry | propulsion

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“…Only few studies of NR function have been performed in non-bilaterian animals. Notably, signalling through the RXR receptor has been examined in several species of cnidarian; exogenous application of retinoic acid has been shown to play a role in promoting metamorphosis in the jellyfish Aurelia aurita [94] and regulating the development of the eyes in the box jelly Tripedalia cystophora [95]. Further, the COUP-TF transcription factor (NR2 family) is an important regulator of neurogenesis in hydrozoans [96,97].…”

Section: (B) Canonical Wnt Signallingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic evidence for the modular evolution of metazoan signalling pathways

Babonis¹,

Martindale²

2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 17 to a theme issue 'Evo-devo in the genomics era, and the origins of morphological diversity'. Communication among cells was paramount to the evolutionary increase in cell type diversity and, ultimately, the origin of large body size. Across the diversity of Metazoa, there are only few conserved cell signalling pathways known to orchestrate the complex cell and tissue interactions regulating development; thus, modification to these few pathways has been responsible for generating diversity during the evolution of animals. Here, we summarize evidence for the origin and putative function of the intracellular, membrane-bound and secreted components of seven metazoan cell signalling pathways with a special focus on early branching metazoans (ctenophores, poriferans, placozoans and cnidarians) and basal unikonts (amoebozoans, fungi, filastereans and choanoflagellates). We highlight the modular incorporation of intra-and extracellular components in each signalling pathway and suggest that increases in the complexity of the extracellular matrix may have further promoted the modulation of cell signalling during metazoan evolution. Most importantly, this updated view of metazoan signalling pathways highlights the need for explicit study of canonical signalling pathway components in taxa that do not operate a complete signalling pathway. Studies like these are critical for developing a deeper understanding of the evolution of cell signalling.This article is part of the themed issue 'Evo-devo in the genomics era, and the origins of morphological diversity'.

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Regulation of Polyp-to-Jellyfish Transition in Aurelia aurita

Abstract: Our findings uncover the molecule framework controlling the polyp-to-jellyfish transition in a basal metazoan and provide insights into the evolution of complex life cycles in the animal kingdom.

Cited by 155 publications

References 25 publications

Composition of Bacterial Communities Associated with Aurelia aurita Changes with Compartment, Life Stage, and Population

Composition of Bacterial Communities Associated with Aurelia aurita Changes with Compartment, Life Stage, and Population

Self-repairing symmetry in jellyfish through mechanically driven reorganization

Phylogenetic evidence for the modular evolution of metazoan signalling pathways

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