Regulation of plasma fatty acid metabolism

Saleh, Jumana; Sniderman, Allan D.; Cianflone, Katherine

doi:10.1016/s0009-8981(99)00099-6

Cited by 60 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…However, the amount of LPL appears to be in excess of normal requirements in vivo and does not seem to be rate limiting for the removal of TG from plasma. 33 It is well known that when the net tissue uptake of FFA is disturbed, increased FFA concentrations result in detachment of LPL from their endothelial surface. 34 -36 Adipose tissue FFA uptake is determined by the equilibrium between the lipolytic activity of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and the lipogenic activity of autocrine messengers like acylation stimulating protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34 -36 Adipose tissue FFA uptake is determined by the equilibrium between the lipolytic activity of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and the lipogenic activity of autocrine messengers like acylation stimulating protein. 33 Estrogens are known to increase the activity of HSL whereas insulin inhibits the lipolytic action of HSL. 33 Obese women have higher levels of estrogens 37 and are insulin resistant, which together could lead to disturbed postprandial fatty acid handling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 Estrogens are known to increase the activity of HSL whereas insulin inhibits the lipolytic action of HSL. 33 Obese women have higher levels of estrogens 37 and are insulin resistant, which together could lead to disturbed postprandial fatty acid handling. Consequently, this may lead to increased postprandial triglyceridemia and an enhanced flux of fatty acids to the liver, promoting the synthesis and secretion of apo B-containing particles 38 and interfering with hepatic uptake of plasma insulin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender differences in diurnal triglyceridemia in lean and overweight subjects

Wijk

et al. 2001

Int J Obes

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AIMS: Increased fasting and postprandial triglyceridemia is one of the cardiovascular risk factors for patients with insulin resistance. Since triglyceride (TG) metabolism largely depends on gender, we have investigated diurnal TG changes in patients with and without overweight, focusing on gender differences. METHODS: Twenty-two males and 22 females with overweight (mean body mass index (BMI) 28.0 AE 2.3 kg=m 2 ) measured capillary TG concentrations at six fixed time points on three different days. Diurnal TG profiles were calculated as area under the capillary TG curves (TGc-AUCs). The control group consisted of 24 males and 21 females who were not overweight (mean BMI 22.4 AE 1.5 kg=m 2 ). Biochemical and anthropometric parameters associated with insulin resistance were measured. RESULTS: Lean males and lean females had comparable fasting insulin levels (6.9 AE 2.6 and 8.1 AE 4.7 mU=l, respectively), but females had a more favorable fasting lipoprotein profile when compared to males. Diurnal TG profiles were lower in lean females than in lean males (16.9 AE 4.3 vs 20.3 AE 5.7 mMh, respectively, P < 0.05). Overweight males and females had comparable fasting insulin levels (10.3 AE 3.4 and 12.1 AE 4.9 mU=l, respectively), which were higher than in lean subjects. Overweight females also had a more favorable fasting lipoprotein profile compared to overweight males. Diurnal TG profiles were similar in overweight females and overweight males (31.1 AE 15.6 and 32.9 AE 13.2 mMh, respectively). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that in both males and females, waist circumference was the strongest determinant of diurnal TG profiles when fasting TG concentrations were excluded from the model (R 2 ¼ 0.49 for males and R 2 ¼ 0.33 for females). These results suggest that overweight resulted in a 'male diurnal TG profile' in females due to abdominal fat accumulation. CONCLUSION: Insulin resistance in overweight subjects partly mitigates the gender differences of fasting and postprandial TG metabolism. The significant positive association between diurnal triglyceridemia and waist circumference supports the view that especially abdominal fat associated with insulin resistance enhances postprandial lipemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender differences in diurnal triglyceridemia in lean and overweight subjects

Wijk

et al. 2001

Int J Obes

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“…While phospholipids have functional properties (Sinclair & O'Dea, 1990), TAG serve mainly as an energy reserve and are stored as depot fat, both intramuscular and in adipose tissue (Marmer et al, 1984;Saleh et al, 1999). With an increasing deposition of fat, the percentage of phospholipids usually decreases because they are involved in the cell membrane structure, and are therefore present in relatively stable quantities (Sinclair & O'Dea, 1990;Scollan et al, 2001).…”

Section: Lipid Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of production system, age an sex on carcass parameters and some biochemical meat quality characteristics of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.)

Sampels

Picková

Wiklund

2005

Ran

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Carcass composition in reindeer is affected by feed intake and the age and sex of the animal. Studies have also shown that age, sex, carcass trim fat content and total intramuscular fat content (IMF) influence lipid class composition. The aim of this study was to compare lipid class composition and IMF in relation to carcass weight, conformation and trim fat content, and to investigate how these parameters are affected by age, sex and different feed sources. Five groups of reindeer were studied. Two groups of calves were fed two grain-based pelleted feeds with different lipid compositions for approximately two months before slaughter. One of these groups was fed with conventional pellets, and the other with pellets enriched with linseed cake to increase the amount of n-3 fatty acids in the diet. Three groups of grazing reindeer were also included in the study, consisting of adult males, adult females or calves. Reindeer calves fed pellets had higher slaughter weights, higher trim fat content and better carcass conformation scores compared to the grazing calves. However, there was no significant difference in IMF between pellet-fed and grazing calves. Adult female reindeer had the highest and grazing calves the lowest slaughter weights, trim fat and IMF. There was no difference in lipid class composition in meat from calves fed with the two pelleted feeds, whereas grazing calves had a higher amount of phospholipids. Squalene was identified and quantified as a component of intramuscular lipids in reindeer meat.

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“…The hepatic influx of both CRs and fatty acids impacts subsequent liver very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production, as shown by both in vitro and in vivo studies (4). Recent data suggest that hepatic de novo lipogenesis is increased even in the fed state.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of fatty acid transport and storage: influence of acylation-stimulating protein

Cianflone¹,

Paglialunga²

2006

Scandinavian Journal of Food and Nutrition

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Postprandial lipemia and fatty acid fluxes occur several times daily, resulting in very efficient absorption of dietary fat and redistribution to various tissues. Absorbed dietary lipids are incorporated into chylomicrons to distribute triglycerides either for storage in adipose tissue or for immediate use in muscle. Commonly, the dietary sources of fat exceed the actual needs and the tissues are faced with dealing with the excess. Under these circumstances, the removal process of dietary triglycerides and fatty acids becomes overloaded, resulting in excessive postprandial lipemia and accumulation of chylomicrons, remnant particles and non-esterified fatty acids. These particles are associated with disruptions in lipoprotein metabolism and changes in inflammatory factors, thus their association with cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes is not surprising. Dietary factors, not just fat, influence postprandial fluxes. This leads to the question: do we need a standardized fat tolerance test? The recognition of the factors influencing postprandial lipemia and fatty acid uptake and clearance is constantly increasing. Numerous proteins, transporters, enzymes and hormones have been shown to affect fatty acid flux at the level of absorption, peripheral uptake and hepatic remnant clearance. This summary targets fatty acid fluxes, with a focus on acylation-stimulating protein.

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Regulation of plasma fatty acid metabolism

Cited by 60 publications

References 66 publications

Gender differences in diurnal triglyceridemia in lean and overweight subjects

Gender differences in diurnal triglyceridemia in lean and overweight subjects

Influence of production system, age an sex on carcass parameters and some biochemical meat quality characteristics of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.)

Regulation of fatty acid transport and storage: influence of acylation-stimulating protein

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