Regulation of Plant Growth and Development: A Review From a Chromatin Remodeling Perspective

Abstract

In eukaryotes, genetic material is packaged into a dynamic but stable nucleoprotein structure called chromatin. Post-translational modification of chromatin domains affects the expression of underlying genes and subsequently the identity of cells by conveying epigenetic information from mother to daughter cells. SWI/SNF chromatin remodelers are ATP-dependent complexes that modulate core histone protein polypeptides, incorporate variant histone species and modify nucleotides in DNA strands within the nucleosome. The present review discusses the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler family, its classification and recent advancements. We also address the involvement of SWI/SNF remodelers in regulating vital plant growth and development processes such as meristem establishment and maintenance, cell differentiation, organ initiation, flower morphogenesis and flowering time regulation. Moreover, the role of chromatin remodelers in key phytohormone signaling pathways is also reviewed. The information provided in this review may prompt further debate and investigations aimed at understanding plant-specific epigenetic regulation mediated by chromatin remodeling under continuously varying plant growth conditions and global climate change.

Genome-Wide High Resolution Expression Map and Functions of Key Cell Fate Determinants Reveal the Dynamics of Crown Root Development in Rice

“…The induction phase during CRP establishment would require the acquisition of pluripotency through genetic reprogramming in response to localized developmental cues. Stable but reversible modification of DNA and histone proteins along with chromatin remodeling factors provide epigenetic regulation of gene expression to control the crucial balance between stem cell selfrenewal, cellular patterning, and tissue-specific differentiation during plant growth and development, and various stresses (Takatsuka and Umeda, 2015;Servet et al 2010;Ojolo et al 2018;Singh et al, 2020). Arabidopsis GCN5-related N-acetyltransferases family (GNAT), SWI2/SNF2 factors, and PHD domain-containing factors play a key role in positioning the SCN by epigenetically regulating expression domain of PLTs and WOX5 (Kornet and Scheres, 2009;Servet et al, 2010;Sang et al, 2012;Napsucialy-Mendivil et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2015).…”

Redox Components: Key Regulators of Epigenetic Modifications in Plants

“…It can be changed not only by covalent modifications of histones and DNA, but also by ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers and other chromatin-associated factors. ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers are able to cause the alteration of nucleosome position, destabilization of nucleosomes or displacement of canonical histones by histone variants [43]. Eukaryotic ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers are evolutionarily conserved protein complexes that typically possess a catalytic core: ATPase/helicase of the switching defective2/sucrose non-fermenting2 (SWI2/SNF2) family.…”

“…Eukaryotic ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers are evolutionarily conserved protein complexes that typically possess a catalytic core: ATPase/helicase of the switching defective2/sucrose non-fermenting2 (SWI2/SNF2) family. They perform functions using the energy provided by ATP hydrolysis [43,44]. In plants, ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers are divided into four major subfamilies, including SWI/SNF subfamily, imitation switch subfamily, chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) subfamily, and inositol requiring 80/SWI2-related ATPase 1 subfamily [43,44].…”

“…They perform functions using the energy provided by ATP hydrolysis [43,44]. In plants, ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers are divided into four major subfamilies, including SWI/SNF subfamily, imitation switch subfamily, chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) subfamily, and inositol requiring 80/SWI2-related ATPase 1 subfamily [43,44]. H 2 O 2 into O 2 and H 2 O, whereas GR is responsible for the conversion of the oxidized glutathione to the reduced one [59,60].…”

The Dynamic Kaleidoscope of RNA Biology in Plants

“…Regions of chromatin can vary in nucleosome density and compaction. Plants encode many chromatin remodelers, such as the Polycomb Repressive Complexes (PRCs) 1 This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (MCB-1716913, IOS-1856749, and IOS-1936492) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture-National Institute for Food and Agriculture (2017-67013-26194 and 2019-67013-29313) that have histone methyltransferase activity that places the H3 Lys-27 methylation mark associated with silencing of transcription (Ojolo et al, 2018). Kumar et al (2020) describe two PRC components of potato (Solanum tuberosum), StBMI1-1 and StMSI1, that regulate tuber development by controlling the expression of micro-RNA156 (miR156) and hormonal responses in a photoperiod-dependent manner.…”