2017
DOI: 10.1038/nri.2016.150
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Regulation of muscle growth and regeneration by the immune system

Abstract: Diseases of muscle that are caused by pathological interactions between muscle and the immune system are devastating, but rare. However, muscle injuries that involve trauma and regeneration are fairly common, and inflammation is a clear feature of the regenerative process. Investigations of the inflammatory response to muscle injury have now revealed that the apparently nonspecific inflammatory response to trauma is actually a complex and coordinated interaction between muscle and the immune system that determ… Show more

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Cited by 546 publications
(832 citation statements)
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“…Moreover, the number of differentiating satellite cells is decreased in aged mice, as shown by downregulation of differentiation markers such as desmin and myogenin (Charge, Brack, & Hughes, 2002; Collins, Zammit, Ruiz, Morgan, & Partridge, 2007). In addition to satellite cells, there is clear evidence supporting the essential role of immune cells both in the clearance of damaged tissue and enhancing tissue regeneration upon injury (Tidball, 2017). However, age‐related changes in the immune cell functions and its therapeutic potential remain elusive.…”
Section: Introduction Results Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, the number of differentiating satellite cells is decreased in aged mice, as shown by downregulation of differentiation markers such as desmin and myogenin (Charge, Brack, & Hughes, 2002; Collins, Zammit, Ruiz, Morgan, & Partridge, 2007). In addition to satellite cells, there is clear evidence supporting the essential role of immune cells both in the clearance of damaged tissue and enhancing tissue regeneration upon injury (Tidball, 2017). However, age‐related changes in the immune cell functions and its therapeutic potential remain elusive.…”
Section: Introduction Results Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Acute muscle injuries provide a good model for the study of the modulating effect of immune cells on the tissue repair process 1. Immediately after an acute injury, muscle tissue undergoes the rapid invasion of inflammatory cells, mainly neutrophils and macrophages 1.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…M2 macrophages produce anti‐inflammatory cytokines and growth factors as TGF‐ β and IL‐10 as well as enzymes that are important to angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation and the differentiation of myogenic precursor cells 1, 4, 5. M2 macrophage surface marker CD206 is a mannose receptor that internalizes sugar moieties on molecules in inflamed tissue, such as myeloperoxidase 3.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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