Regulation of Mitochondrial Gene Expression by Retinoids

Everts, Helen B.; Berdanier, Carolyn D.

doi:10.1080/15216540214316

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The ND5 gene expression is the only mitochondrial protein-coding gene that is tightly regulated, and the rate of ND5 synthesis appears to control the overall rate of respiration (Bai et al 2000; Chomyn 2001). Interestingly, this regulation appears due to differential ND5 mRNA stabilization, and mRNA levels have been reported to be upregulated by nutrients or cholera pathogenesis, and downregulated during hypoxia (Everts and Berdanier 2002; Piruat and Lopez-Barneo 2005; Sarkar et al 2005). The ND6 mRNA is the only protein-coding mRNA generated from the L-strand specific primary transcript.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of mitochondrial mRNAs in codfish reveals unique features compared to mammals

et al. 2011

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Expression and processing of mitochondrial gene transcripts are fundamental to mitochondrial function, but information from early vertebrates like teleost fishes is essentially lacking. We have analyzed mitogenome sequences of ten codfishes (family Gadidae), and provide complete sequences from three new species (Saithe, Pollack and Blue whiting). Characterization of the mitochondrial mRNAs in Saithe and Atlantic cod identified a set of ten poly(A) transcripts, and six UAA stop codons are generated by posttranscriptional polyadenylation. Structural assessment of poly(A) sites is consistent with an RNaseP cleavage activity 5′ of tRNA acceptor-like stems. COI, ND5 and ND6 mRNAs were found to harbor 3′ UTRs with antisense potential extending into neighboring gene regions. While the 3′ UTR of COI mRNA is complementary to the tRNASer (UCN) and highly similar to that detected in human mitochondria, the ND5 and ND6 3′ UTRs appear more heterogenic. Deep sequencing confirms expression of all mitochondrial mRNAs and rRNAs, and provides information about the precise 5′ ends in mature transcripts. Our study supports an overall evolutionary conservation in mitochondrial RNA processing events among vertebrates, but reveals some unique 5′ and 3′ end characteristics in codfish mRNAs with implications to antisense regulation of gene expression.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00294-011-0338-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of mitochondrial mRNAs in codfish reveals unique features compared to mammals

et al. 2011

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“…To date, coordination between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes has been achieved only by two elements: the mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) and PGC-1 (40). In an effort to elucidate this molecular circuitry several groups examined the mitochondrion failure-related gene expression differences using commercially-available microarrays.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular research technologies in mitochondrial diseases: The microarray approach

Crimi

O’Hearn

Wallace

et al. 2005

IUBMB Life (International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular B

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SummaryMitochondria are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells where they generate much of the cellular energy by the process of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The approximately 1500 genes of the mitochondrial genome are distributed between the cytoplasmic, maternally-inherited, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) which encodes 37 genes and the nuclear DNA (nDNA) which encompasses the remaining mitochondrial genes. The interplay between the mtDNA and nDNA encoded mitochondrial genes and their role in mitochondrial disorders is still largely unclear. One approach for elucidating the pathophysiology of mitochondrial diseases has been to look at changes in the expression of mtDNA and nDNA-encoded genes in response to specific mitochondrial genetic defects. Initial studies of gene expression changes in response to mtDNA defect employed blot technologies to analyze changes in the expression of individual genes one at a time. While Southern/Northern blot experiments confirmed the importance of nDNA -mtDNA interactions in the pathophysiology of mitochondrial myopathy, the methodology used limited the number of genes that could be analyzed from each patient. This barrier has been overcome, in part by the advent of DNA microarray technology. In DNA microarrays gene sequences or oligonucleotides homologous to gene sequences are arrayed on a solid support. The RNA from the subject is then isolated, the mRNA converted to cDNA and the cDNA labeled with a fluorescent probe. The labeled cDNA is hybridized on the microarray and the fluorescence bound to each array is then quantified. Recently, these technologies have been applied to mitochondrial disease patient tissues and the presence of coordinate changes in mitochondrial gene expression confirmed. IUBMB Life, 57: 811-818, 2005

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“…Lin et al observed increased levels of expression of ND1, ND6 and COX I genes after treating cells with 9-cis RA. Putative retinoic acid response elements (RARE) have been found in the D-loop region of the mtDNA, suggesting direct mitochondrial transcription regulation by RA (Everts and Berdanier 2002).…”

Section: Transcription Regulation At the H2 Terminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial DNA transcription regulation and nucleoid organization

Rebelo

Dillon

Moraes

2011

J of Inher Metab Disea

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Mitochondrial biogenesis is a complex process depending on both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription regulation to tightly coordinate mitochondrial levels and the cell's energy demand. The energy requirements for a cell to support its metabolic function can change in response to varying physiological conditions, such as, proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, mitochondrial transcription regulation is constantly being modulated in order to establish efficient mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and proper cellular function. The aim of this article is to review the function of major protein factors that are directly involved in the process of mtDNA transcription regulation, as well as, the importance of mitochondrial nucleoid structure and its influence on mtDNA segregation and transcription regulation. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on the molecular mode of action of transcription factors comprising the mitochondrial transcriptional machinery, as well as the action of nuclear receptors on regulatory regions of the mtDNA.

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Regulation of Mitochondrial Gene Expression by Retinoids

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Characterization of mitochondrial mRNAs in codfish reveals unique features compared to mammals

Characterization of mitochondrial mRNAs in codfish reveals unique features compared to mammals

Molecular research technologies in mitochondrial diseases: The microarray approach

Mitochondrial DNA transcription regulation and nucleoid organization

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