Regulation of miR-181a expression in T cell aging

Ye, Zhongde; Li, Guangjin; Kim, Chulwoo; Hu, Bin; Jadhav, Rohit R.; Weyand, Cornelia M.; Goronzy, Jörg J.

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05552-3

Cited by 64 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…2(a-c)]. This is the dark exciton ( 0 ) according to prior studies [12,[14][15][16][23][24][25][26]. As we tune monolayer WSe2 to the electron and hole sides, the 0 peak subsides and two new peaks emerge at 16 and 14 meV below the 0 peak.…”

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confidence: 72%

“…1] [6, 13, 22]. The dark excitons can thus accumulate a sufficiently large population to achieve observable light emission, as reported by prior research [16,[23][24][25][26]. Moreover, as the dark excitons lie at the lowest energy level, they play a crucial role in the carrier dynamics of monolayer WSe2.…”

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confidence: 85%

“…In the experiment, we measure the photoluminescence (PL) from BN-encapsulated monolayer WSe2 devices with 532-nm continuous laser excitation at temperature T ~ 4 K. The details of device fabrication and experimental methods are presented in the Supplemental Material [27]. We applied very low incident laser power (16 μW) to suppress the biexciton PL, which is known to be significant in monolayer WSe2 [23][24][25][26][27]. We find that, in our ultraclean samples, dark trions can emit weak but noticeable PL.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gate Tunable Dark Trions in Monolayer WSe2

et al. 2019

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We report the observation and gate manipulation of intrinsic dark trions in monolayer WSe2. By using ultraclean WSe2 devices encapsulated by boron nitride, we directly resolve the weak photoluminescence of dark trions. The dark trions can be tuned continuously between negative and positive charged trions with electrostatic gating. We also reveal their spin triplet configuration and distinct valley optical emission by their characteristic Zeeman splitting under magnetic field. The dark trions exhibit large binding energy (14 -16 meV). Their lifetime (~1.3 ns) is two orders of magnitude longer than the bright trion lifetime (~10 ps) and can be tuned between 0.4 to 1.3 ns by electrostatic gating. Such robust, optically detectable, and gate tunable dark trions provide a new path to realize electrically controllable trion transport in two-dimensional materials.Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as MoS2 and WSe2, are remarkable two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors with strong Coulomb interactions [1, 2]. Their optical properties are dominated by tightly bound electron-hole pairs (excitons) at two time-reversal valleys (K, K') in the momentum space [3]. The strong spin-orbit coupling splits both the conduction and valence bands into two subbands with opposite spins [Fig. 1] [4-7]. The spin configuration governs an exciton's optical properties. If the electron and hole come from bands with the same electron spin, their recombination can efficiently emit light. These bright excitons have short lifetime (<10 ps) [8], in-plane dipole moment and out-of-plane light emission [Fig. 1] [9]. But if the electron and hole come from bands with opposite electron spins, the spin mismatch strongly suppresses their radiative recombination. They form dark excitons with long lifetime (>100 ps), out-ofplane dipole moment, and in-plane light emission [Fig. 1] [10-18]. Compared to bright excitons, the long-lived dark excitons are much better candidates for the studies of exciton transport and Bose-Einstein condensate [19-21], but their optical inactivity poses a significant challenge for experiment.Monolayer WSe2 is an exceptional material to explore dark excitons. Unlike other semiconductors (e.g. MoSe2) with bright excitons in the lowest energy level, monolayer WSe2 hosts dark excitons well below the bright exciton level [ Fig. 1] [6, 13, 22]. The dark excitons can thus accumulate a sufficiently large population to achieve observable light emission, as reported by prior research [16,[23][24][25][26]. Moreover, as the dark excitons lie at the lowest energy level, they play a crucial role in the carrier dynamics of monolayer WSe2. It is therefore important to understand their diverse properties.Similar to bright excitons/trions, dark excitons can capture an extra charge to form dark trions [ Fig. 1]. The dark trions are fascinating entities for excitonic transport, because their finite net charge, together with their long lifetime, would enable effective control of exciton dynamics by electric field. However, detection an...

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confidence: 85%

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confidence: 99%

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Gate Tunable Dark Trions in Monolayer WSe2

et al. 2019

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“…However, the chemical doping is incapable in many cases, because the element replacement and the variation of carrier density cannot practically cover a large regime and leave many phases unexplored. As a complementary method, the application of field effect transistors (FET) in two-dimensional systems is an effective way to control electronic properties via reversible changes of charge carrier density [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Such an electrostatic doping is desirable to study novel phases that cannot be achieved by material synthetic methods [7, 9-11, 13, 15, 16, 18].…”

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confidence: 99%

Tuning phase transitions in FeSe thin flakes by field-effect transistor with solid ion conductor as the gate dielectric

et al. 2017

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We develop a novel field effect transistor (FET) device using solid ion conductor (SIC) as a gate dielectric, and we can tune the carrier density of FeSe by driving lithium ions in and out of the FeSe thin flakes, and consequently control the material properties and its phase transitions. A dome-shaped superconducting phase diagram was mapped out with increasing Li content, with Tc ∼ 46.6 K for the optimal doping, and an insulating phase was reached at the extremely overdoped regime. Our study suggests that, using solid ion conductor as a gate dielectric, the SIC-FET device can achieve much higher carrier doping in the bulk, and suit many surface sensitive experimental probes, and can stabilize novel structural phases that are inaccessible in ordinary conditions. PACS numbers: 74.25.F-, 74.70. Xa, Chemical doping is a conventional way to introduce charge carriers into solids by replacing one of the constituent elements with another element of a different valence state. For instance, high temperature superconductivity is realized by suppressing the antiferromagnetism or spin density wave with chemical doping of 10% or 10 21 dopant atoms per cm 3 in copper oxides and iron-based superconductors [1-3]. However, the chemical doping is incapable in many cases, because the element replacement and the variation of carrier density cannot practically cover a large regime and leave many phases unexplored. As a complementary method, the application of field effect transistors (FET) in two-dimensional systems is an effective way to control electronic properties via reversible changes of charge carrier density [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Such an electrostatic doping is desirable to study novel phases that cannot be achieved by material synthetic methods [7, 9-11, 13, 15, 16, 18]. For instance, we have utilized tunable ion intercalation with an ionic liquid to alter charge-ordered states in 1T-TaS 2 and induce phase transitions in thin flakes with reduced dimensionality [15]. The FET devices have been widely applied in the exploration of new superconductors [10,11], the preparation for new devices [19,20] as well as many applications in semiconductor industry [7].So far, only two types of field effect transistor (FET) devices, metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) FET ( Fig.

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“…126 Several studies showed that miR-181a regulates the TCR signaling threshold of T-helper cells. [127][128][129][130] miR-181a is highly expressed in thymocytes, where it facilitates positive selection. 127,131 The expression of miR-181a is lower in naive T-helper cells as compared to thymocytes, and it further declines upon TCR activation and cell differentiation.…”

Section: P Otentialrole Sforother Mirna Sinthereg Ul Ati Onoftfhcelmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA‐mediated regulation of T follicular helper and T follicular regulatory cell identity

Maul

Alterauge

Baumjohann

2019

Immunological Reviews

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Summary T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are critical mediators of germinal center (GC) formation and essential for potent humoral immunity. In contrast, T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells, which share characteristics of both stimulatory Tfh cells and suppressive regulatory T (Treg) cells, restrain excessive GC responses. Tfh cell differentiation is a multistep process that involves continuous interaction with antigen‐presenting cells, co‐stimulatory signals, an appropriate cytokine milieu, and directed migration toward distinct microanatomical structures. These processes are under the control of several intrinsic and extrinsic regulatory layers that further undergo fine‐tuning by post‐transcriptional mechanisms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non‐coding RNAs that have been recognized as important post‐transcriptional regulators. miRNAs are particularly critical for Tfh cell generation, as the differentiation of these cells is completely blocked in the absence of mature miRNAs in vivo. Here, we discuss how miRNAs regulate various aspects of Tfh and Tfr cell differentiation and function and how miRNAs thus shape the identity of these cells.

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Regulation of miR-181a expression in T cell aging

Cited by 64 publications

References 66 publications

Gate Tunable Dark Trions in Monolayer WSe2

Gate Tunable Dark Trions in Monolayer WSe2

Tuning phase transitions in FeSe thin flakes by field-effect transistor with solid ion conductor as the gate dielectric

MicroRNA‐mediated regulation of T follicular helper and T follicular regulatory cell identity

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