Regulation of lipid metabolism in the green microalga Chlorella protothecoides by heterotrophy–photoinduction cultivation regime

Li, Yuqin; Xu, Hua; Han, Fangxin; Mu, Jinxiu; Chen, Di; Feng, Bo; Zeng, Hongyan

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.07.028

Cited by 45 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A novel approach called “sequential heterotrophy–dilution–photoinduction” was developed, in which the lipid content of Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Chlorella ellipsoidea was increased by 84.57%, 70.65%, and 121.59%, respectively [ 42 ]. Similarly, a maximum lipid content of 50.5% (of dry weight) was achieved using heterotrophy–photoinduction cultivation regime, representing a 69.3% increase over that of single heterotrophic cultivation [ 43 ]. More importantly, proteomic analysis revealed that ATP synthase and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase were down-regulated, while glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase and malate dehydrogenase were markedly up-regulated [ 43 ].…”

Section: Manipulation Of Stresses By Different Cultivation Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae for the production of lipid and carotenoids: a review with focus on stress regulation and adaptation

Sun

Ren

Zhao

et al. 2018

Biotechnol Biofuels

321

129

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Microalgae have drawn great attention as promising sustainable source of lipids and carotenoids. Their lipid and carotenoids accumulation machinery can be trigged by the stress conditions such as nutrient limitation or exposure to the damaging physical factors. However, stressful conditions often adversely affect microalgal growth and cause oxidative damage to the cells, which can eventually reduce the yield of the desired products. To overcome these limitations, two-stage cultivation strategies and supplementation of growth-promoting agents have traditionally been utilized, but developing new highly adapted strains is theoretically the simplest strategy. In addition to genetic engineering, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) is frequently used to develop beneficial phenotypes in industrial microorganisms during long-term selection under specific stress conditions. In recent years, many studies have gradually introduced ALE as a powerful tool to improve the biological properties of microalgae, especially for improving the production of lipid and carotenoids. In this review, strategies for the manipulation of stress in microalgal lipids and carotenoids production are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, this review summarizes the overall state of ALE technology, including available selection pressures, methods, and their applications in microalgae for the improved production of lipids and carotenoids.

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Section: Manipulation Of Stresses By Different Cultivation Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae for the production of lipid and carotenoids: a review with focus on stress regulation and adaptation

Sun

Ren

Zhao

et al. 2018

Biotechnol Biofuels

321

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Remarkably, when cells are shifted from heterotrophic to photoautotrophic conditions, a short duration (1 to 2 d depending on the weather) of illumination induces a prominent change in the intracellular profile, with marked decreases in starch yet 70% to 120% increases in lipids and proteins (Fan et al, 2012a(Fan et al, , 2012bHan et al, 2012;Li et al, 2014b), resulting in both high target product contents (lipids and proteins) and high biomass productivity ( Fig. 1; Supplemental Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to traditional land crops such as corn (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), and wheat (Triticum aestivum), one key feature of microalgae-based production is their ability to rapidly switch their energy storage forms from polysaccharides (e.g., starch) to lipids or to high-value compounds such as proteins under certain environmental stresses (Sansawa and Endo, 2004;Fan et al, 2012b;Li et al, 2014b). This metabolic feature is of significance in commercialization of large-scale microalgal production systems for biofuels, as the switch between food and fuel production allows nimbleness and flexibility of operation in the volatile market.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genomic Foundation of Starch-to-Lipid Switch in Oleaginous Chlorella spp.

et al. 2015

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The ability to rapidly switch the intracellular energy storage form from starch to lipids is an advantageous trait for microalgae feedstock. To probe this mechanism, we sequenced the 56.8-Mbp genome of Chlorella pyrenoidosa FACHB-9, an industrial production strain for protein, starch, and lipids. The genome exhibits positive selection and gene family expansion in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and genes related to cell cycle and stress response. Moreover, 10 lipid metabolism genes might be originated from bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. Transcriptomic dynamics tracked via messenger RNA sequencing over six time points during metabolic switch from starch-rich heterotrophy to lipid-rich photoautotrophy revealed that under heterotrophy, genes most strongly expressed were from the tricarboxylic acid cycle, respiratory chain, oxidative phosphorylation, gluconeogenesis, glyoxylate cycle, and amino acid metabolisms, whereas those most down-regulated were from fatty acid and oxidative pentose phosphate metabolism. The shift from heterotrophy into photoautotrophy highlights up-regulation of genes from carbon fixation, photosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and starch catabolism, which resulted in a marked redirection of metabolism, where the primary carbon source of glycine is no longer supplied to cell building blocks by the tricarboxylic acid cycle and gluconeogenesis, whereas carbon skeletons from photosynthesis and starch degradation may be directly channeled into fatty acid and protein biosynthesis. By establishing the first genetic transformation in industrial oleaginous C. pyrenoidosa, we further showed that overexpression of an NAD(H) kinase from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) increased cellular lipid content by 110.4%, yet without reducing growth rate. These findings provide a foundation for exploiting the metabolic switch in microalgae for improved photosynthetic production of food and fuels.

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“…28 For example, Chlorella sp. The algae treatment contributed to the toxicity control in the effluent, while had a little fraction of the total removal efficiency.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the algal contribution in combined UV-algae treatment to remove antibiotic cefradine

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2015

RSC Adv.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the algal contribution in a combined UV-algae treatment to remove the commonly used antibiotic cefradine. We evaluated the removal capacity of the individual alga (Chlorella pyrenoidosa), UV activated and combined UV-algae treatments. The toxic effect of the effluents treated by the above process on the standard test organism rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus) was also investigated. Our results showed that the individual algae treatment was inefficient at removing the antibiotic. Although the UV treatment decreased the antibiotic concentration efficiently (26.93% residue), it also increased the toxicity of the effluent (1.04 times of the parent compound). However, the relatively high removal efficiency (22.01% residue) and the reduced toxicity of the effluent (nearly half of that by the individual UV treatment) were obtained synchronously after the UV-algae combined treatment. The contribution of the algae was also confirmed by investigating the corresponding properties of the combined UV-activated sludge treatment and the combined UV-activated sludge-algae treatment. Our present study supported our hypothesis that (1) the performance of the individual algae treatment was inferior to the individual UV irradiation; (2) the algae treatment was necessary in a UV-algae combined treatment system to control the toxicity of the effluent after the UV treatment process.

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Regulation of lipid metabolism in the green microalga Chlorella protothecoides by heterotrophy–photoinduction cultivation regime

Cited by 45 publications

References 30 publications

Microalgae for the production of lipid and carotenoids: a review with focus on stress regulation and adaptation

Microalgae for the production of lipid and carotenoids: a review with focus on stress regulation and adaptation

Genomic Foundation of Starch-to-Lipid Switch in Oleaginous Chlorella spp.

Understanding the algal contribution in combined UV-algae treatment to remove antibiotic cefradine

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