Regulation of juvenile hormone synthesis in wild-type and apterous mutant Drosophila

Altaratz, Michal; Applebaum, Shalom W.; Richard, David; Gilbert, Lawrence I.; Segal, Daniel

doi:10.1016/0303-7207(91)90219-i

Cited by 103 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Indeed, in D. melanogaster females, JH biosynthesis and degradation tend to show an inverse relationship; JH production measured in vitro (Altaratz et al, 1991) is significantly higher in 1-day-old than in 5-to 6-day-old females (wild-type strain Canton-S), whereas JH degradation measured in vivo is significantly lower in young than in mature Canton-S females (Gruntenko et al, 2003b). The dramatically decreased JH production measured in vitro in D. melanogaster apterous 56f mutant females (Altaratz et al, 1991) is paralleled by a marked increase in the measured in vivo activities of JH-esterase and JH-epoxide hydrolase, the enzymes that degrade JH (Gruntenko et al, 2003b). In addition, we have demonstrated that a pharmacological increase in JH level in wild-type D. virilis females leads to a decrease in JH degradation .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of insulin signalling affects the neuroendocrine stress reaction in Drosophila females

Rauschenbach

Karpova

Adonyeva

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Juvenile hormone (JH) and dopamine are involved in the stress response in insects. The insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway has also recently been found to be involved in the regulation of various processes, including stress tolerance. However, the relationships between the JH, dopamine and insulin signalling pathways remain unclear. Here, we study the role of insulin signalling in the regulation of JH and dopamine metabolism under normal and heat stress conditions in Drosophila melanogaster females. We show that suppression of the insulin-like receptor (InR) in the corpus allatum, a specialised endocrine gland that synthesises JH, causes an increase in dopamine level and JH-hydrolysing activity and alters the activities of enzymes that produce as well as those that degrade dopamine [alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine-dependent arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (DAT)]. We also found that InR suppression in the corpus allatum modulates dopamine, ALP, TH and JH-hydrolysing activity in response to heat stress and that it decreases the fecundity of the flies. JH application restores dopamine metabolism and fecundity in females with decreased InR expression in the corpus allatum. Our data provide evidence that the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway regulates dopamine metabolism in females of D. melanogaster via the system of JH metabolism and that it affects the development of the neuroendocrine stress reaction and interacts with JH in the control of reproduction in this species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of insulin signalling affects the neuroendocrine stress reaction in Drosophila females

Rauschenbach

Karpova

Adonyeva

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…JFi secretion from the corpus allatum is reduced in ap mutants (Altartz et al 1991). Fiowever, it is unlikely that ap has a direct role in regulating JFi production or secretion, because ap is not detectably expressed in the corpus allatum (not shown), ap is, however, expressed in the larval (Fig.…”

Section: A Possible Neuroendocrine Origin For the Pleiotropic Defectsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The defect in vitellogenesis is not an autonomous property of the ovary, because ap mutant ovaries can become vitellogenic after transplantation into a normal host (Postlethwait and Fiandler 1978). Both phenotypes are associated with reduced levels of juvenile hormone (JH) production (Altartz et al 1991), and topical application of a }H analog to the female abdomen restores vitellogenesis and, to some extent, fat body histolysis (Postlethwait and Weiser 1973).…”

Section: A Possible Neuroendocrine Origin For the Pleiotropic Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3) and adult brain (not shown). Corpus allatum function is believed to depend on neurotrophic signals from the brain, suggesting that the defects in hormone production (and secondarily, in vitellogenesis and fat body histolysis) are an indirect result of ap function in the brain (Altartz et al 1991). Fiowever, on the basis of mosaic analysis, Wilson (1981b) suggests that the defect leading to abnormal JFi secretion may lie in the abdomen.…”

Section: A Possible Neuroendocrine Origin For the Pleiotropic Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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apterous, a gene required for imaginal disc development in Drosophila encodes a member of the LIM family of developmental regulatory proteins.

Cohen¹,

McGuffin²,

Pfeifle³

et al. 1992

Genes Dev.

356

243

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The apterous (ap) gene is required for the normal development of the wing and haltere imaginal discs in Drosophila melanogaster. ap encodes a new member of the LIM family of developmental regulatory genes. The deduced amino acid sequence of ap predicts a homeo domain and a cysteine/histidine-rich domain known as the LIM domain. In these domains ap is highly similar to the mec-3 and lin-11 proteins of Caenorhabditis elegans and to the vertebrate insulin enhancer-binding protein isl-1. ap is presumably required for transcriptional regulation of genes involved in wing and haltere development. The nature of the defects in homozygous null mutant flies is consistent with the pattern of ap expression in the larval imaginal discs, ap is also expressed in a complex pattern in the embryo, including portions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). A requirement for ap expression in the larval and adult CNS may be the underlying cause of the defects in hormone production and vitellogenesis described for ap mutations.

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“…Another candidate, allatostatin A (AstA), has been implicated in regulating oviduct muscle contraction in other arthropods (Donini and Lange 2002;Garside et al 2002;Woodhead et al 2003). Further, allatostatins are essential for inhibiting juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis (Altaratz et al 1991;Stay and Tobe 2007). JH has been implicated in a wide array of reproductive events including vitellogenesis and egg production (Gavin and Williamson 1976;Soller et al 1999;Dubrovsky et al 2002;Raushenbach et al 2004) and is regulated by mating (Moshitzky et al 1996).…”

Section: Distribution and Potential Targets Of Neprilysins In D Melamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neprilysins: An Evolutionarily Conserved Family of Metalloproteases That Play Important Roles in Reproduction in Drosophila

et al. 2014

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Members of the M13 class of metalloproteases have been implicated in diseases and in reproductive fitness. Nevertheless, their physiological role remains poorly understood. To obtain a tractable model with which to analyze this protein family's function, we characterized the gene family in Drosophila melanogaster and focused on reproductive phenotypes. The D. melanogaster genome contains 24 M13 class protease homologs, some of which are orthologs of human proteases, including neprilysin. Many are expressed in the reproductive tracts of either sex. Using RNAi we individually targeted the five Nep genes most closely related to vertebrate neprilysin, Nep1-5, to investigate their roles in reproduction. A reduction in Nep1, Nep2, or Nep4 expression in females reduced egg laying. Nep1 and Nep2 are required in the CNS and the spermathecae for wild-type fecundity. Females that are null for Nep2 also show defects as hosts of sperm competition as well as an increased rate of depletion for stored sperm. Furthermore, eggs laid by Nep2 mutant females are fertilized normally, but arrest early in embryonic development. In the male, only Nep1 was required to induce normal patterns of female egg laying. Reduction in the expression of Nep2-5 in the male did not cause any dramatic effects on reproductive fitness, which suggests that these genes are either nonessential for male fertility or perform redundant functions. Our results suggest that, consistent with the functions of neprilysins in mammals, these proteins are also required for reproduction in Drosophila, opening up this model system for further functional analysis of this protein class and their substrates. P ROTEASES play key roles in diverse physiological systems. One such family of metalloproteases, the M13 class of neutral endopeptidases, consists mainly of membranebound zinc proteases that are involved in the processing of neuropeptides and peptide hormones (reviewed in Turner et al. 2000;Turner et al. 2001;Bland et al. 2008). In mammals, seven members of this family have been identified, of which neprilysin (NEP) and endothelin converting enzyme (ECE) are the best studied. These proteins have been implicated in various diseases including cardiovascular disease (Segura and Ruilope 2011;Wick et al. 2011), Alzheimer's disease (Mulder et al. 2012;Klein et al. 2013), inflammation and inflammatory disorders (Wong et al. 2011), and cancer (Smollich et al. 2007;Maguer-Satta et al. 2011).In addition to their role in disease, NEPs are essential for development and reproduction in mammals. The mammalian Neprilysin-2, called NL1 in mice, is highly expressed in the testis. NL1-deficient males sire fewer pups, even though spermatogenesis appears to be unaffected (Carpentier et al. 2004). In females, NEP expression in the uterus is modulated by estrogen treatment in rats (Pinto et al. 1999) and during the estrogen/progesterone cycle in humans (Head et al. 1993). In female rats and mice, controlled degradation of tachykinins, particularly substance-P, by NEP in the uterus ...

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Regulation of juvenile hormone synthesis in wild-type and apterous mutant Drosophila

Cited by 103 publications

References 28 publications

Disruption of insulin signalling affects the neuroendocrine stress reaction in Drosophila females

Disruption of insulin signalling affects the neuroendocrine stress reaction in Drosophila females

apterous, a gene required for imaginal disc development in Drosophila encodes a member of the LIM family of developmental regulatory proteins.

Neprilysins: An Evolutionarily Conserved Family of Metalloproteases That Play Important Roles in Reproduction in Drosophila

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