Regulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity using Herbal Medicine: Benefits for the COVID-19 Vaccination

Li, Xuan; Wichai, Nuttapong; Wang, Jiabao; Liu, Xiuping; Yan, Huimin; Wang, Yu; Luo, Mingchi; Zhou, Shengyuan; Wang, Kai; Lin, Li; Miao, Lin

doi:10.1097/hm9.0000000000000046

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Currently, a growing number of clinical observations have indicated the possibility of interactions between vaccines and drugs. 25,26 Moreover, COVID-19 symptoms and vaccine response could be impacted by the established gut-lung axis has been reported as well. 27 In this study, we didn't analyze the potential influence of underlying medical conditions, drug use and food habits on the results of this study, which was one of the limitations of our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Fourthly, our study did not perform neutralization assay to assess the concentration of neutralizing antibodies, which can better reflect the protective efficacy of the vaccine. Currently, a growing number of clinical observations have indicated the possibility of interactions between vaccines and drugs 25,26 . Moreover, COVID‐19 symptoms and vaccine response could be impacted by the established gut‐lung axis has been reported as well 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunogenicity and safety of inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines in people living with HIV: A longitudinal cohort study

Li,

Nie,

Guo

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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To clarify the characteristics in immunogenicity and safety of inactivated SARS‐Cov‐2 vaccines among HIV‐infected individuals, a longitudinal cohort study was performed on HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected participants with no history of COVID‐19 infection and COVID‐19 vaccine inoculation. Participants information and adverse events were collected. Blood samples were collected on the same day before vaccination, 21 days after the first shot, 28 days after the second shot, 6 months after the second vaccination and 14 days after the third dose to test anti‐receptor‐binding domain IgG antibody, viral load, CD4+, CD8+ T cell count. Our result showed that although HIV‐infected adults with low nadir CD4+ T cell count ≤ 350 cells/mm3 generate significantly lower immune response after three shots of vaccine compared with HIV‐negative controls, 100% of all the HIV‐infected and healthy controls were seroconverted after the third shot. Seroconversion ratio and antibody level of 190 days after two shots of vaccination for HIV‐infected with nadir CD4+ T cell count ≤ 350 were significantly lower than that of healthy controls. No significant difference was found in viral load among blood samples collected at each time points. CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio value were found increased greatly after each shot of inoculation in HIV‐infected individuals with nadir CD4+ T cell count ≤ 350. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that among HIV‐infected individuals, PLWH with CD4+ T cell count ≤ 350 were less likely experience seroconversion 21 days after the first shot, and less likely maintained antibody immunity 6 months post 2nd dose. Adverse events after each inoculation were not serious and recovered within 1 week. In conclusion, inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine was safe and effective in people living with HIV after three shots of vaccination. HIV‐infected individuals with low nadir CD4+ T cell count ≤ 350 was associated with a nonoptimal antibody response. Further vaccination strategies could be developed for those with low CD4+ T cell counts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity and safety of inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines in people living with HIV: A longitudinal cohort study

Li,

Nie,

Guo

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Herbal medicines are widely used to treat various ailments worldwide. However, their effectiveness and applications are not yet fully recognized, primarily due to their unclear mechanisms of action and the unknown active ingredients they contain [24] . It is particularly important to elaborate on the active ingredients and their mechanisms of action.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xuanfeibaidu Granule Alleviates Coronavirus-Induced Pneumonia in Low Temperature and High Humidity Environments

Zhao

Geng

et al. 2023

Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine

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Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the action of Xuanfei Baidu granules (XFBD) and their mechanism of action in a model of coronavirus pneumonia under cold and damp conditions.Methods: A total of 60 Bagg Albino (BALB/c) mice were randomly assigned to different groups, including the control, model, low-dose XFBD (1.84 g/kg), medium-dose XFBD (3.67 g/kg), and high-dose XFBD (7.34 g/kg) groups. To simulate the model of coronavirus infection, a combination of cold and damp stimuli and coronavirus strain 229E (CoV 229E) was employed. Subsequently, XFBD was administered on the fifth day and lasted for 3 days. To evaluate the efficacy of XFBD in BALB/c mice, various parameters, including behavior, lung index, viral load, and pulmonary pathology, were observed. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The fractions of CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and B cells were measured using flow cytometry.Results: The mice in the control group were active, in good condition, and exhibited shiny hair. After modeling, the mice demonstrated less activity, low energy levels, messy and less shiny hair, poor appetite, and soft stools. The symptoms of coronavirus pneumonia were all significantly improved after the administration of different doses of XFBD. At three dosage levels, XFBD effectively increased gastrin (GAS) content, whereas medium and high doses of XFBD reduced motilin (MTL) content. The high-dose XFBD group showed a significant reduction in pathological damage to lung tissue. Treatment with three doses of XFBD demonstrated significant downregulation of inflammatory factors and regulation of CD4 + and CD8 + T cell and B cell expression. The high-dose XFBD group exhibited enhanced efficacy compared to the other doses.Conclusions: XFBD showed a therapeutic effect on coronavirus pneumonia under cold and damp conditions, improved the behavioral characterization and gastrointestinal index, and reduced the lung virus titer and histopathology. This may be associated with the inhibition of inflammation and an increase in the number of lymphocytes.

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“…Innate immunity is the host's first line of defence against invasion by foreign pathogens, while pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are key signalling molecules in the innate immune response, and PRRs can activate innate immunity by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) [1,2]. cGAS is a special pattern recognition receptor that detects abnormal DNA in cells and activates the body's immune response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoid extracted from Epimedium attenuate cGAS‐STING‐mediated diseases by targeting the formation of functional STING signalosome

Wang,

Xu,

Wen

et al. 2024

Immunology

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Hyperactivation of the cyclic‐GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signalling pathway has been shown to be associated with the development of a variety of inflammatory diseases, and the discovery of an inhibitor of the cGAS‐STING signalling pathway holds great promise in the therapeutic interventions. Epimedium flavonoid (EF), a major active ingredient isolated from the medicinal plant Epimedium, has been reported to have good anti‐inflammatory activity, but its exact mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, we found that EF in mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs), THP‐1 (Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics‐1) as well as in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) inhibited the activation of the cGAS‐STING signalling pathway, which subsequently led to a decrease in the expression of type I interferon (IFN‐β, CXCL10 and ISG15) and pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6 and TNF‐α). Mechanistically, EF does not affect STING oligomerization, but inhibits the formation of functional STING signalosome by attenuating the interaction of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) with STING and TANK‐binding kinase 1 (TBK1). Importantly, in vivo experiments, EF has shown promising therapeutic effects on inflammatory diseases mediated by the cGAS‐STING pathway, which include the agonist model induced by DMXAA stimulation, the autoimmune inflammatory disease model induced by three prime repair exonuclease 1 (Trex1) deficiency, and the non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model induced by a pathogenic amino acid and choline deficiency diet (MCD). To summarize, our study suggests that EF is a potent potential inhibitor component of the cGAS‐STING signalling pathway for the treatment of inflammatory diseases mediated by the cGAS‐STING signalling pathway.

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Regulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity using Herbal Medicine: Benefits for the COVID-19 Vaccination

Cited by 7 publications

References 115 publications

Immunogenicity and safety of inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines in people living with HIV: A longitudinal cohort study

Immunogenicity and safety of inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines in people living with HIV: A longitudinal cohort study

Xuanfeibaidu Granule Alleviates Coronavirus-Induced Pneumonia in Low Temperature and High Humidity Environments

Flavonoid extracted from Epimedium attenuate cGAS‐STING‐mediated diseases by targeting the formation of functional STING signalosome

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