Regulation of inflammatory and lipid metabolism genes by eicosapentaenoic acid-rich oil

Gillies, Peter J.; Bhatia, Sujata K.; Belcher, Leigh A; Hannon, Daniel B.; Thompson, Jerry T.; Heuvel, John P. Vanden

doi:10.1194/jlr.m022657

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This concentration was selected since several previous studies have demonstrated that basal level in subjects fed balanced diets yielded plasma concentrations for DHA >80 µM and EPA in the range of 25-30 µM (38)(39)(40). Furthermore, supplementation with fish oil increased DHA and EPA to serum concentrations >125 µM (38). For consistency reasons, ALA was examined at the same concentration even though most studies indicate that basal levels are lower compared to those for DHA and EPA with ranges from 7 to 25 µM (39-41) and supplementation levels only reaching 35 µM (40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine- and plant-derived ω-3 fatty acids differentially regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation

Eser

Heuvel

Araujo

et al. 2013

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

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Abstract. Fish oil contains the marine ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The consumption of diets rich in these fatty acids is associated with a decreased incidence of prostate cancer. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the non-marine ω-3 PUFA α-linolenic acid (ALA). To study which ω-3 PUFAs are more effective in prostate cancer prevention, and whether the mechanisms of action are conserved between them, we investigated the effect of DHA, EPA and ALA on the human prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and LNCaP. Different trends of inhibition of PC-3 cell proliferation were observed for the three ω-3 PUFA, with DHA having the most pronounced effects on cell proliferation, while ALA had the minimum effects of the three ω-3 PUFAs. All the ω-3 PUFAs decreased fatty acid synthase (FASN) mRNA. Concerning genes involved in inflammation, cell cycle and apoptosis, DHA regulated the most genes in all categories, followed by EPA and then ALA. In addition, DHA and EPA increased the gene expression of the pro-apoptotic protein activating transcription factor 3 mRNA. Moreover, these two fatty acids significantly induced apoptosis. In conclusion, while some mechanisms of cancer cell inhibition are conserved among ω-3 PUFA, the extent, magnitude, and duration of transcriptional changes vary for each individual fatty acid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine- and plant-derived ω-3 fatty acids differentially regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation

Eser

Heuvel

Araujo

et al. 2013

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

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“…Although the beneficial effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) on cardiovascular health (Psota et al ., ), mood (Hibbeln, ) and neuroinflammation (Pascoe et al ., ; Gillies et al ., ) have often been reported in the literature, it is still unclear whether omega‐3 fatty acids alter the cognitive functionality of the brain and whether the benefits, if any, are specific to a particular omega‐3 fatty acid. This is particularly interesting as although both EPA and DHA cross brain membranes with equal ease, both brain and retinal DHA levels exceed EPA by several hundredfold (Arterburn et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 supplementation improves cognition and modifies brain activation in young adults

Bauer

Hughes

Rowsell

et al. 2014

Hum. Psychopharmacol Clin Exp

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By extending the theory of neural efficiency to the within-subject neurocognitive effects of supplementation, we concluded that following the EPA-rich supplementation, participants' brains worked 'less hard' and achieved a better cognitive performance than prior to supplementation. Conversely, the increase in functional activation and lack of improvement in time or accuracy of cognitive performance following DHA-rich supplementation may indicate that DHA-rich supplementation is less effective than EPA-rich supplementation in enhancing neurocognitive functioning after a 30-day supplementation period in the same group of individuals.

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“…The SCD1 gene undergoes coordinate transcriptional downregulation in response to these unsaturated FAs . An animal study suggested that downregulation of Scd1 is a mechanism by which n ‐3 PUFAs repress constitutive triglyceride (TG) biosynthesis . Overall, n ‐3 PUFAs intake may influence cardiometabolic risk factors via changes in SCD indices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiometabolic risk factors are influenced by Stearoyl‐CoA Desaturase (SCD) −1 gene polymorphisms and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation

Rudkowska

Julien

Couture

et al. 2013

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Regulation of inflammatory and lipid metabolism genes by eicosapentaenoic acid-rich oil

Cited by 38 publications

References 49 publications

Marine- and plant-derived ω-3 fatty acids differentially regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation

Marine- and plant-derived ω-3 fatty acids differentially regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation

Omega-3 supplementation improves cognition and modifies brain activation in young adults

Cardiometabolic risk factors are influenced by Stearoyl‐CoA Desaturase (SCD) −1 gene polymorphisms and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation

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