Regulation of Inflammation by Sucrose Isomer, Turanose, in Raw 264.7 Cells

Abstract

Increased sugar consumption has been proposed to be a risk factor for obesity-related metabolic disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of turanose in Raw 264.7 macrophages. Turanose (3-O-α-D-glucosyl-D-fructose), an isomer of sucrose, naturally exists in honey. For these studies, macrophages were treated with total glucose (Glu), 50% Glu/50% turanose (T50), 25% Glu/75% turanose (T75), and 100% turanose (T100), each with a total concentration of 25 mM in cell media. Expressions of inflammatory enzymes and cytokines were analyzed. Cell viability was not affected in the turanose treated groups compared to the Glu group. Lipopolysaccharide and glucose-induced nitric oxide production, protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, COX-2, and superoxide dismutase 2, and mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 were significantly suppressed by turanose treatment. These results demonstrate that turanose exerts anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, and possesses potential to serve therapeutic functional sweetener for testing in vivo and in clinical trials.

Versatile biotechnological applications of amylosucrase, a novel glucosyltransferase

“…Turanose is considered to be a suitable sucrose replacement for patients with metabolic symptoms or disorders, because it is digested more slowly than sucrose with crude hog intestinal digesta preparation (Dahlqvist 1960) and with rat intestinal enzyme mixture (Hodoniczky et al, 2012). In addition, turanose displayed anti-obesity effects in vitro by inhibitory function on lipid accumulation, and the down-regulated lipopolysaccharide-and glucose-induced inflammation through inflammatory cytokine modulation in the Raw 264.7 macrophages (Chung et al, 2017a;Park et al, 2016).…”

Pinus thunbergii Parl. Extracts Reduce Acute Inflammation by Targeting Oxidative Stress

“…The generation of free oxygen radicals (e.g., NO) is caused by an increase in the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) [ 6 ]. Furthermore, inflammatory factors such as cytokines and bacterial LPS can result in increased iNOS in macrophages, leading to the generation of intracellular ROS [ 7 , 8 ]. Some studies have demonstrated that the overexpression of iNOS or COX-2 may contribute to disease-related inflammation [ 8 ].…”

“…Furthermore, inflammatory factors such as cytokines and bacterial LPS can result in increased iNOS in macrophages, leading to the generation of intracellular ROS [ 7 , 8 ]. Some studies have demonstrated that the overexpression of iNOS or COX-2 may contribute to disease-related inflammation [ 8 ]. In inflamed tissue, LPS-activated macrophages play a major role in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α , NO, and PGE 2 [ 9 ].…”

Effect of turanose on the rheology and oil uptake of instant fried noodles

“…In addition, the potential use of turanose was reported as a hypoglycaemic sweetener because it is slowly hydrolysed to fructose and glucose compared with sucrose in the intestine (Dahlqvist, 1960). The health functionalities of turanose, such as anti-inflammatory effects, were also carried out (Chung et al, 2017). In addition to the health benefits of turanose, most of the preceding studies have centred on the efficient production of turanose by enhancing its bio-conversion conditions (Park et al, 2016).…”