Regulation of Implantation and Establishment of Pregnancy in Mammals

Geisert, Rodney D.; Bazer, Fuller W.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15856-3

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 390 publications

(570 reference statements)

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“…The function of PGF2α in the development and maintenance of the corpora lutea (CL) is well characterised. There is no question as to whether PGF2α is essential for luteolysis and the establishment of pregnancy (Geisert and Bazer, 2015;McCracken et al, 1999;Moeljono et al, 1977;Przygrodzka et al, 2016Przygrodzka et al, , 2015Waclawik et al, 2017;Ziecik et al, 2017). The function of the PTGFR in foetal ovarian development is not known.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between foetal size and ovarian development in the pig

Stenhouse

Cortes‐Araya

Hogg

et al. 2020

Animal Reproduction Science

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It is estimated that intra-uterine growth restricted piglets represent 25% of the total number of piglets born. Growth restricted female piglets have impaired reproductive performance postnatally, however, when during gestation this phenotype arises is not known. With this study, the aim was to improve the understanding of foetal ovarian development in normal and small foetuses throughout gestation. Female Large White X Landrace foetuses were obtained at gestational day (GD) 45, 60 and 90 (n = 5-6 litters/GD). Histological analysis of GATA4 stained foetal ovaries at GD60 and 90 indicated there were fewer primary follicles (P ≤ 0.05) in the foetuses weighing the least compared to those with a weight similar to the mean for the litter (CTMLW) at GD90. Plasma oestradiol concentrations were less in the foetuses with lesser weights compared with greater weight foetuses at GD90 (P ≤ 0.05). The RNA was extracted from ovaries of the lesser weight and CTMLW foetuses at GD45, 60 and 90 and qPCR was performed to quantify relative abundance of 12 candidate mRNAs for which encoded proteins modulate ovarian function and development. Gestational changes in relative abundances of CD31, PTGFR, SPP1 and VEGFA mRNA transcripts were observed. Relative abundance of KI67 (P = 0.066) and P53 (P ≤ 0.05) was less in ovaries of the 3 lesser weight compared to CTMLW foetuses at GD60.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between foetal size and ovarian development in the pig

Stenhouse

Cortes‐Araya

Hogg

et al. 2020

Animal Reproduction Science

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Rapid conceptus elongation in the pig: An interleukin 1 beta 2 and estrogen‐regulated phenomenon

Geisert

Whyte

Meyer

et al. 2017

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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Establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in the pig involves activating many physiological, cellular, and molecular signaling pathways between the developing conceptus and hormonally regulated maternal endometrium. Rapid elongation of the pig trophoblast allows for the establishment of sufficient placental surface area for the transport of nutrients to the fetus throughout pregnancy. Estrogens secreted by the conceptus during elongation act on uterine epithelia to induce secretion of uterine factors required for conceptus development and for preventing endocrine secretion of prostaglandin F2α, which would cause luteolysis. Thus, trophoblast expansion within the uterine lumen during early gestation is an essential process for implantation and maintenance of pregnancy in species with an epitheliochorial form of placentation. In the pig, rapid conceptus elongation involves the unique expression of interleukin-1 beta 2 (IL1B2), which establishes pro-inflammatory effects that may be tempered by the spatiotemporal secretion of estrogen from the conceptuses. The present review provides current information on pig conceptus remodeling and signaling via estrogen and IL1B2 pathways, as well as endometrial responses to those conceptus factors leading to establishment of pregnancy.embryo, endometrium, placenta, pregnancy[The] unique capacity of pig conceptuses to rapidly remodel and elongate, compared with other mammals, is an essential mechanism developed to establish pregnancy.

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Embryonic maternal interaction in cattle and its relationship with fertility

Sánchez

Mathew

Passaro

et al. 2018

Reprod Domestic Animals

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ContentsEmbryo mortality is a major contributor to poor reproductive efficiency and profitability in cattle production systems. While conception is achieved (i.e., the oocyte is fertilized) in the vast majority of cases if insemination is carried out correctly, a significant proportion of the resulting embryos fail to develop to term. Appropriate communication between the developing conceptus and the maternal endometrium is essential for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in all mammals. Up to the blastocyst stage, around Days 7-9, contact worth the female reproductive system is not required. However, the process of conceptus elongation after hatching and prior to implantation is entirely maternally driven and is essential to ensure that sufficient quantities of interferon-tau (IFNT) are secreted by the developing conceptus to abrogate the mechanisms that bring about luteolysis. While the importance of conceptus-derived IFNT in maternal recognition of pregnancy and prevention of luteolysis in cattle is unequivocal, many questions, such as the threshold level of IFNT required for pregnancy maintenance, remain unanswered. Furthermore, the precise role of IFNT-independent mechanisms in pregnancy establishment remains to be elucidated. Irrespective of this, failure of the conceptus to elongate undoubtedly results in embryonic loss and is thus believed to contribute greatly to reproductive failure in cattle. This review will address some of these answered questions and try to shed some light on those gaps in knowledge that could potentially contribute to improved embryo survival and reproductive efficiency. K E Y W O R D S bovine, conceptus, elongation, pregnancy | 21 SÁNCHEZ Et al.

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Regulation of Implantation and Establishment of Pregnancy in Mammals

Cited by 8 publications

References 390 publications

Associations between foetal size and ovarian development in the pig

Associations between foetal size and ovarian development in the pig

Rapid conceptus elongation in the pig: An interleukin 1 beta 2 and estrogen‐regulated phenomenon

Embryonic maternal interaction in cattle and its relationship with fertility

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