Regulation of hepatic macrophage function by oral administration of Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (Sho-saiko-to, TJ-9) in rats

Fujiwara, Kenji; Mochida, Satoshi; Nagoshi, Sumiko; Iijima, Osamu T.; Matsuzaki, Yutaka; Takeda, Susumu; Aburada, Masaki

doi:10.1016/0378-8741(95)01235-6

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…It has been reported that Sho-saiko-to improved the function of hepatic macrophages blocked by gum arabic when activated after partial hepatectomy. 33) Thus hepatic macrophages such as Kuppfer cells may be the one of the target cells affected by Sho-saiko-to and its EP fraction. Sho-saiko-to and its EP fraction may influence macrophage function such as NO production bi-directionally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of the High Molecular Mass Fraction and Low Molecular Mass Fraction of Sho-saiko-to in a Murine Immunologically Induced Liver Injury Model.

Nose

Terawaki

Iwahashi

et al. 2002

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Many researchers have reported on the efficacies of Japanese and Chinese herbal remedies, so-called kampo-hozai. Since kampo-hozai are mixtures of plant and animal materials and contain numerous ingredients, most researchers have regarded each kampo-hozai as one drug for the investigation of the pharmacological actions using in vivo and in vitro systems. Alternatively, there have been many reports concerning the isolation and structure elucidation of major ingredients and the pharmacological and biochemical actions of crude drugs composing kampo-hozai. However, few reports described the relationship between the mixture, kampo-hozai, and their active ingredients to clarify how their ingredients worked in kampo-hozai function.Sho-saiko-to has been extensively investigated and found to have diverse pharmacological activities. Sho-saiko-to has been used for the treatment of various infectious diseases such as chronic viral hepatitis, [1][2][3] and it has been shown that Sho-saiko-to has immunomodulating activity, [4][5][6][7][8] antiinflammatory effects, [9][10][11] and antihepatitis activity. [12][13][14] Previously, we demonstrated that the immunomodulating actions of Sho-saiko-to, such as augmentation of macrophage function and mitogenic activity, were mainly due to its polysaccharide fractions in vivo. 15,16) Yamaoka et al. also reported the augmentation of natural killer (NK) cells by Sho-saiko-to was mainly due to its acidic polysaccharide fraction and that the polysaccharide fraction of Zizyphi Fructus was involved in this activity. 17,18) Furthermore, the group of Yamada has done much work in this area and isolated 22 types of immunomodulating polysaccharides, which were classified into pectins, pectic arabinogalactans, and pectic heteroglycans, from Juzen-taiho-to. 19) These results suggest that one of the pharmacological roles of the polysaccharide fraction in kampo-hozai is as an immunomodulator. However, the pharmacological roles of the low molecular mass fraction and the interaction of both high and low molecular mass fractions in specific pharmacological action of Sho-saiko-to are still unclear, even though the pharmacological properties of each ingredient composing Sho-saiko-to, such as glycyrrhizin, baicalin, ginsenosides, and saikosaponins, are well characterized.In the present study, we attempt to compare the pharmacological activities of the high molecular mass fraction and the low molecular mass fraction of Sho-saiko-to using an immunologically induced liver injury model to estimate the role of these fractions in the expression of the pharmacological action of Sho-saiko-to. MATERIALS AND METHODS AnimalsMale ICR mice, 5-6 weeks old, were purchased from Shizuoka Laboratory Animal Center (Hamamatsu, Japan). The animals were housed in standard plastic cages in an air-conditioned room (24°C) and given a commercial diet (CE-2, Clea Co., Tokyo, Japan) and water ad libitum. The animals were kept for at least 7 d after their arrival.Chemicals Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) was purchase...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of the High Molecular Mass Fraction and Low Molecular Mass Fraction of Sho-saiko-to in a Murine Immunologically Induced Liver Injury Model.

Nose

Terawaki

Iwahashi

et al. 2002

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…2,5,6,[8][9][10] Such mechanisms, however, may not be involved in the development of sinusoidal fibrin deposition in the partialhepatectomy model, because polyclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor ␣ and superoxide anion dismutase were ineffective for attenuation of the liver injury. 3,6 Moreover, selective eradication of large hepatic macrophages responsible for production of cytotoxic mediators using gadolinium chloride 11 significantly attenuated liver injury in the P. acnes model, but not liver injury in the partial-hepatectomy model, 5,6 whereas suppression of activation of Kupffer cells and hepatic macrophages by pretreatment of gum arabic 12 produced similar attenuation of liver injuries in both models. 3,10 From these data, activated Kupffer cells might provoke blood coagulation in a different manner in the partial-hepatectomy model.…”

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confidence: 91%

Deranged Blood Coagulation Equilibrium As A Factor of Massive Liver Necrosis Following Endotoxin Administration in Partially Hepatectomized Rats

et al. 1999

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Activated Kupffer cells provoke massive liver necrosis after endotoxin stimulation through microcirculatory disturbance caused by sinusoidal fibrin deposition in rats undergoing 70% hepatectomy. In these rats, serum activities of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were increased at 1 and 5 hours, respectively, following endotoxin administration. When 70% resected liver was perfused with Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) containing heat-inactivated fetal calf serum, the increase in both enzyme activities was not affected by addition of endotoxin during perfusion, suggesting that activated Kupffer cells injured neither sinusoidal endothelial cells nor hepatocytes. The activity of tissue factor, an initiator of blood coagulation cascade, was much higher in Kupffer cells isolated from partially hepatectomized rats than in those from normal rats. In contrast, mRNA expressions of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) as well as thrombomodulin were almost undetectable in normal and partially resected livers. When recombinant human TFPI was injected intravenously in 70% hepatectomized rats, TFPI was markedly stained on the surfaces of sinusoidal endothelial cells and microvilli of hepatocytes on immunohistochemistry. In these rats, endotoxin-induced liver injury was significantly attenuated compared with rats given no TFPI. Similar attenuation was also found in rats receiving recombinant human thrombomodulin. These results suggest that fibrin deposition developing in 70% hepatectomized rats after endotoxin administration may be caused by deranged blood coagulation in the hepatic sinusoids through increasing tissue factor activity in Massive liver necrosis develops after endotoxin administration in rats pretreated with heat-killed Propionibacterium acnes or those undergoing 70% liver resection as a result of microcirculatory disturbance caused by sinusoidal fibrin deposition. [1][2][3] In both models, Kupffer cells and hepatic macrophages are activated to provoke endothelial cell injury and fibrin deposition in the hepatic sinusoids. 2-6 However, an apparent difference exists in the stimulatory state of Kupffer cells and hepatic macrophages between both models, because activated Kupffer cells in the partial-hepatectomy model produced fewer cytotoxic mediators such as superoxide anions and tumor necrosis factor ␣ in response to endotoxin administration compared with activated hepatic macrophages in the P. acnes model, 6,7 although both cells can release a large amount of superoxide anions after stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. 3,4 Northern blot analysis revealed that such difference resulted from expression of endotoxin receptors on the cells; P. acnes-treated rat liver showed increased mRNA expression of CD14, a receptor for lipopolysaccharide and its binding protein complex, compared with normal liver, while such expression was markedly reduced in partially hepatectomized rat liver. 7 In the P. acnes model, activated hepatic macrophages after endotoxin stimulatio...

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“…Studies have shown that XCHT possessed antioxidant [20,21], immunomodulating [15,[22][23][24] and antiproliferative [25,26] activities. It ameliorates chronic viral infected liver diseases [25,26], enhances production of IFN [15,27,28] and antibodies in patients with chronic hepatitis [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xiao Chai Hu Tang inhibits CVB1 virus infection of CCFS-1 cells through the induction of Type I interferon expression

Cheng

Lin

2006

International Immunopharmacology

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Regulation of hepatic macrophage function by oral administration of Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (Sho-saiko-to, TJ-9) in rats

Cited by 24 publications

References 11 publications

Comparative Study of the High Molecular Mass Fraction and Low Molecular Mass Fraction of Sho-saiko-to in a Murine Immunologically Induced Liver Injury Model.

Comparative Study of the High Molecular Mass Fraction and Low Molecular Mass Fraction of Sho-saiko-to in a Murine Immunologically Induced Liver Injury Model.

Deranged Blood Coagulation Equilibrium As A Factor of Massive Liver Necrosis Following Endotoxin Administration in Partially Hepatectomized Rats

Xiao Chai Hu Tang inhibits CVB1 virus infection of CCFS-1 cells through the induction of Type I interferon expression

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