Regulation of Egg Number per Host to Maximize the Reproductive Success in the Gregarious Parasitoid, Apanteles glomeratus L. (Hymenoptera : Braconidae)

Ikawa, Terumi; Okabe, Hidehiko

doi:10.1303/aez.20.331

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The present results suggest that C. glomerata females can adjust their clutch size in response to their ovipositional experience, as reported by Ikawa and Okabe (1985) and Tagawa (2000). Local mate competition is considered a main factor affecting skewed sex ratios.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Progeny sex-ratios of the interrupted females were not significantly different from those of control ones (t-test, t=−2.132, df=16.947, P = n.s.). Even after pooling the data of interrupted (R 2 =0.0867, y = 0.009x + 0.0697) and control (R 2 = 0.0021, y = −0.0005x+0.3251) females, there was no significant correlation between the progeny sex ratio and the oviposition time (r=−0.0534; n=36), despite the number of eggs laid in a host being positively correlated with the oviposition time (r = 0.856, P<0.01), as already reported (Ikawa and Okabe 1985;Tagawa et al 1987;Tagawa 2000). The present results strongly suggest that mated females had no tendency to allocate male (or female) eggs early (or late) in a single oviposition bout, as reported previously by Tagawa (2000).…”

Section: Field Clusterssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…2. No significant correlations were evident for either interrupted (r=0.0432; n=10) or control (r=−1.050; n=26) females, as reported by Ikawa and Okabe (1985) and Tagawa (2000). Progeny sex-ratios of the interrupted females were not significantly different from those of control ones (t-test, t=−2.132, df=16.947, P = n.s.).…”

Section: Field Clustersmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Clutch size decisions of Cotesia glomerata, a gregarious parasitoid of Pieris brassicae

Hasan

Ansari

2010

Phytoparasitica

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This work investigated the ability of the gregarious larval endoparasitoid Cotesia glomerata L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to adjust the progeny sex ratio and clutch size with repeated oviposition experience and the effect of a honey-based diet on the clutch size. In the field-collected clusters many clusters were female-biased but some clusters (3.8%) produced only male wasps, suggesting that there is a low percentage of unmated females in the field. Superparasitism was common in the field, and females were believed to increase progeny sex ratio when attacking previously parasitized hosts. In the laboratory, the number of eggs laid in a day tended to decrease with increasing female age. For females that were offered two hosts per day and for those offered three hosts per day, this value became nearly the same at 9 days after the start of oviposition. Old females which attacked many hosts tended to lay fewer eggs in a day than young ones. However, the degree of this tendency was not the same for all the parasitoid females of all three groups because sperm remained viable throughout a female's lifetime. The amount of sperm used in a single oviposition bout seemed fixed and was not dependent on the number of eggs laid. Over the 2 days of the clutch size response experiment, the number of hosts a female attacked per day was not affected by the presence or absence of honey.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Field Clusterssupporting

confidence: 78%

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Clutch size decisions of Cotesia glomerata, a gregarious parasitoid of Pieris brassicae

Hasan

Ansari

2010

Phytoparasitica

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“…Frequently, a MP will decrease the tendency for a female visiting a marked host to lay eggs on that host. Where oviposition is not entirely suppressed by MP, females may still lay smaller clutches (Ikawa & Okabe, 1985;Papaj et al, 1990). The extent to which clutch size is reduced in a previously utilized host has been shown in gregarious parasitoids to be a function of the number of eggs that were deposited previously in that host (Bakker et al, 1972;van Dijken & Waage, 1987).…”

Section: Effects Of Mps On Female Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Host marking behavior in phytophagous insects and parasitoids

Nufio¹,

Papaj²

2001

Entomologia Exp Applicata

189

147

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Oviposition behavior in phytophagous insects and entomophagous parasitoids is often modified by the presence of conspecific brood (eggs and larvae). Often, females avoid laying eggs on or in hosts bearing brood, a behavior that acts to reduce the level of competition suffered by their offspring. Avoidance of occupied hosts is typically mediated by cues and/or signals associated with brood. In this article, we review the role of Marking Pheromones (MPs) as signals of brood presence in both phytophagous and entomophagous insects. We place information about the function and evolution of MPs in the context of recent theory in the field of animal communication. We highlight the dynamics of host-marking systems and discuss how effects of MPs vary according to factors such as female experience and egg load. We also examine variation in the form and function of MP communication across a variety of insect taxa. While studies of MP communication in phytophagous insects have focused on the underlying behavioral mechanisms and chemistry of MP communication, studies in entomophagous insects have focused on the functional aspects of MPs and their role in 'decision-making' in insects. We argue that an approach that incorporates the important contributions of both of these somewhat independent, but complementary areas of research will lead to a more complete understanding of MPs in insects. Finally, we suggest that MP systems are model systems for the study of animal signaling and its evolution.

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“…The hostfinding and oviposition behaviour of this species has been investigated by not a few authors (Kitano 1978;Sato 1979;Ikawa & Suzuki 1982;Ikawa & Okabe 1985), but the effects of mating have been little considered (Kitano 1978). As this wasp is arrhenotokous, virgin females can lay only male eggs.…”

Section: Apanteles Glomeratus L Is a Common Gregariousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mating on the oviposition behaviour of the parasitic wasp,Apanteles glomeratus L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

et al. 1987

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The oviposition behaviour of mated or virgin females of the parasitic wasp,Apanteles glomeratus L., was investigated. Virgin females laid fewer eggs in a shorter time than did mated females (P<0.01), though the attack ratio and attack time of these 2 female types were the same. Progeny sex ratios of mated females suggested the occurrence of sperm shortage, because old mated females produced clutches of a high male proportion, sometimes consisting of males only. Recopulation of females was also observed, but actual insemination did not occur, and therefore, A. glomeratus females are considered to be fundamentally monogamous. Apanteles glomeratus L. is a common gregariouslarval parasitoid wasp of the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae crucivora Boisduval. The hostfinding and oviposition behaviour of this species has been investigated by not a few authors (Kitano 1978;Sato 1979;Ikawa & Suzuki 1982;Ikawa & Okabe 1985), but the effects of mating have been little considered (Kitano 1978). As this wasp is arrhenotokous, virgin females can lay only male eggs.Most of the cocoon clusters of this species collected in the field contained both sexes, and only a few consisted of males alone (Matsuzawa 1958). If the oviposition behaviour of virgin and mated females were the same, as suggested by Kitano (1978), and if multiple parasitism is ignored, this would seem to indicate that the successful matings of females occur at a very high rate under natural conditions.In the field, most matings of this species were considered to take place immediately after emergence, on or near the cocoon cluster, but the ratio of successful matings was not so high on the day of emergence (Tagawa & Kitano 1981).In this respect, A. glomeratus differs markedly from another gregarious parasitoid of the same genus, A. flavipes, where all newlyemerged females mated within an hour (Arakaki & Ganaha 1986). Tagawa et al. (1985), however, suggested that females of A. glomeratus which failed to mate on the day of emergence had further opportunities of mating during their life, since the older females, with their lower mobility, tended to easily accept males. However, even if a high ratio of successful matings were actually achieved, in instances where sperm shortage occurred, mated females might produce only male progeny. Is the oviposition behaviour of females which produce only male clutches the same as that of those producing female progeny?The present work was carried out to assess the effects of mating on the oviposition behaviour of A. glomeratus by investigating the egglaying behaviour of mated or virgin females, and also by observing the recopulating behaviour of mated females. Materials and MethodsAdult A. glomeratus L. were obtained from cocoon clusters or reared from parasitized host larvae of P. rapae crucivora, collected in a cabbage field in Okayama.Throughout the work, the hosts were individually reared on cabbage leaves at room temperature in 350 ml plastic cups. The parasitoids were maintained at 20~ under a 16L-8D photoperiod re...

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Regulation of Egg Number per Host to Maximize the Reproductive Success in the Gregarious Parasitoid, Apanteles glomeratus L. (Hymenoptera : Braconidae)

Cited by 31 publications

References 16 publications

Clutch size decisions of Cotesia glomerata, a gregarious parasitoid of Pieris brassicae

Clutch size decisions of Cotesia glomerata, a gregarious parasitoid of Pieris brassicae

Host marking behavior in phytophagous insects and parasitoids

Effects of mating on the oviposition behaviour of the parasitic wasp,Apanteles glomeratus L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

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