Regulation of ecdysone production in
            <i>Drosophila</i>
            by neuropeptides and peptide hormones

Kannangara, Jade R.; Mirth, Christen K.; Warr, Coral G.

doi:10.1098/rsob.200373

Cited by 46 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…Their respective recombinant IAGs increase MAPK/ERK phosphorylation in M. rosenbergii, S. verreauxi, and Cherax quadricarinatus testis explants in vitro (124). In insects, ILPs (e.g., Dilps1-6 in D. melanogaster and Bombyxin in Bombyx mori) stimulate PI3K/Akt signaling and mTORC1-dependent ecdysteroidogenesis in the insect PG (78,97,106,107,(126)(127)(128)(129).…”

Section: Insulin-like Peptide Receptor Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although not a growth factor, prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) activates this pathway by binding to an RTK encoded by Torso (97,98,102,106,133). PTTH is the primary factor that initiates larval molts in most insects.…”

Section: Growth Factor Receptor Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insulin-producing neurons in the brain secrete ILPs, in particular Dilp2, 3 and 5, that stimulate ecdysteroid production by the PG ( 74 , 76 , 102 , 106 ). ILP/insulin-like protein receptor (InsR) signaling in the PG is mediated by PI3K/Akt/mTOR ( 74 , 97 , 106 , 107 ). The role of ILP/InsR signaling in development and growth of crustaceans is not well understood, but it is likely that it has similar actions.…”

Section: Receptor Tyrosine Kinasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In insects, growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor, (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), serve many functions critical for embryogenesis, molting, and metamorphosis ( 76 ). Activation of the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway stimulates ecdysteroidogenesis in the insect PG ( 97 , 106 ). Although not a growth factor, prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) activates this pathway by binding to an RTK encoded by Torso ( 97 , 98 , 102 , 106 , 133 ).…”

Section: Receptor Tyrosine Kinasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Signaling Pathways That Regulate the Crustacean Molting Gland

Mykles

2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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A pair of Y-organs (YOs) are the molting glands of decapod crustaceans. They synthesize and secrete steroid molting hormones (ecdysteroids) and their activity is controlled by external and internal signals. The YO transitions through four physiological states over the molt cycle, which are mediated by molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH; basal state), mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1; activated state), Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ)/Activin (committed state), and ecdysteroid (repressed state) signaling pathways. MIH, produced in the eyestalk X-organ/sinus gland complex, inhibits the synthesis of ecdysteroids. A model for MIH signaling is organized into a cAMP/Ca2+-dependent triggering phase and a nitric oxide/cGMP-dependent summation phase, which maintains the YO in the basal state during intermolt. A reduction in MIH release triggers YO activation, which requires mTORC1-dependent protein synthesis, followed by mTORC1-dependent gene expression. TGFβ/Activin signaling is required for YO commitment in mid-premolt. The YO transcriptome has 878 unique contigs assigned to 23 KEGG signaling pathways, 478 of which are differentially expressed over the molt cycle. Ninety-nine contigs encode G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), 65 of which bind a variety of neuropeptides and biogenic amines. Among these are putative receptors for MIH/crustacean hyperglycemic hormone neuropeptides, corazonin, relaxin, serotonin, octopamine, dopamine, allatostatins, Bursicon, ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH), CCHamide, FMRFamide, and proctolin. Contigs encoding receptor tyrosine kinase insulin-like receptor, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor and ligands EGF and FGF suggest that the YO is positively regulated by insulin-like peptides and growth factors. Future research should focus on the interactions of signaling pathways that integrate physiological status with environmental cues for molt control.

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Section: Insulin-like Peptide Receptor Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Growth Factor Receptor Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Receptor Tyrosine Kinasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Receptor Tyrosine Kinasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Signaling Pathways That Regulate the Crustacean Molting Gland

Mykles

2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…One of the best examples is the prothoracic gland (PG), which biosynthesizes and secretes the principal insect steroid hormone ecdysone (Niwa & Niwa, 2014a; Pan et al., 2020). In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster , the PG is directly innervated by the neurons producing prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) (Kannangara et al., 2021; Malita & Rewitz, 2021; McBrayer et al., 2007; Niwa & Niwa, 2014b). Two pairs of cell bodies of the PTTH neurons are located in the brain hemispheres, extending their axons to the PG cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A population of neurons that produce hugin and express the diuretic hormone 44 receptor gene projects to the corpora allata in Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2021

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The corpora allata (CA) are essential endocrine organs that biosynthesize and secrete the sesquiterpenoid hormone, namely juvenile hormone (JH), to regulate a wide variety of developmental and physiological events in insects. CA are directly innervated with neurons in many insect species, implying the innervations to be important for regulating JH biosynthesis. Although this is also true for the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, neurotransmitters produced in the CA‐projecting neurons are yet to be identified. In this study on D. melanogaster, we aimed to demonstrate that a subset of neurons producing the neuropeptide hugin, the invertebrate counterpart of the vertebrate neuromedin U, directly projects to the adult CA. A synaptic vesicle marker in the hugin neurons was observed at their axon termini located on the CA, which were immunolabeled with a newly‐generated antibody to the JH biosynthesis enzyme JH acid O‐methyltransferase. We also found the CA‐projecting hugin neurons to likely express a gene encoding the specific receptor for diuretic hormone 44 (Dh44). Moreover, our data suggest that the CA‐projecting hugin neurons have synaptic connections with the upstream neurons producing Dh44. Unexpectedly, the inhibition of CA‐projecting hugin neurons did not significantly alter the expression levels of the JH‐inducible gene Krüppel‐homolog 1, which implies that the CA‐projecting neurons are not involved in JH biosynthesis but rather in other known biological processes. This is the first study to identify a specific neurotransmitter of the CA‐projecting neurons in D. melanogaster, and to anatomically characterize a neuronal pathway of the CA‐projecting neurons and their upstream neurons.

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