Regulation of Calcium Slow Channels and Potassium Channels of Cardiac Muscle by Cyclic Nucleotides and Metabolism

Sperelakis, Nicholas

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2053-1_2

Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine

1987

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2053-1_2

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Regulation of Calcium Slow Channels and Potassium Channels of Cardiac Muscle by Cyclic Nucleotides and Metabolism

Nicholas Sperelakis

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Cited by 2 publications

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Regulation of the slow Ca++ channels of myocardial cells

et al. 1996

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Contraction of the heart is regulated by a number of mechanisms, such as neurotransmitters, hormones, autacoids, pH, intracellular ATP, and Ca++ ions. These actions are mediated, at least in part, by actions on the sarcolemmal slow (L-type) Ca++ channels, exerted directly or indirectly. The major mechanisms for the regulation of the slow Ca++ channels of myocardial cells includes the following. cAMP/PK-A phosphorylation stimulates the slow Ca++ channel activity, whereas cGMP/PK-G phosphorylation inhibits. DAG/PK-C phosphorylation and tyrosine kinase phosphorylation are suggested to stimulate the slow Ca++ channel activity. Intracellular application of Gs alpha protein increases the slow Ca++ currents (ICa(L)). Lowering of intracellular ATP inhibits ICa(L). Acidosis and increase in [Ca]i inhibits ICa(L). A number of changes in the Ca++ channels also occur during development and aging. Thus, it appears that the slow Ca++ channel is a complex structure, including perhaps several associated regulatory proteins, which can be regulated by a number of extrinsic and intrinsic factors, and thereby control can be exercised over the force of contraction of the heart.

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Regulation of the slow Ca++ channels of myocardial cells

et al. 1996

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Exogeneous energy supply and excitability of cells in embryonic atypical epidermis of Cynops cultured in vitro

Wang

Chuang

1990

Cell Res

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Cells of in vitro cultured epidermis explants of ectoderm isolated at early gastrula stage, showed only weak excitability or even non-excitable at 6V when examined electrophysiologically. If non-excitable explants were treated with 100 mM glucose, the action potential (AP) appeared and within 1 hr reached its maximum. At the same time, their stimulus threshold became lowered gradually. And, if the glucose was washed out, AP gradually disappeared. If explants were treated with glucose of different concentrations, the percentage of explants which displayed AP increased with the increase of glucose concentration. When explants with approximately the same original stimulus threshold were treated with glucose of different concentrations, the stimulus threshold became lowered more in the more concentrated solution. If explants with different original stimulus thresholds were treated with glucose of the same concentration, the lowering of stimulus threshold was more obvious in those with higher original stimulus threshold. Other energy supplying substances used showed similar effect.

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Regulation of Calcium Slow Channels and Potassium Channels of Cardiac Muscle by Cyclic Nucleotides and Metabolism

Cited by 2 publications

References 65 publications

Regulation of the slow Ca++ channels of myocardial cells

Regulation of the slow Ca++ channels of myocardial cells

Exogeneous energy supply and excitability of cells in embryonic atypical epidermis of Cynops cultured in vitro

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