Regulation of Body Weight by Leptin, with Special Reference to Hypoxia-induced Regulation

Yang, Yingzhong; Droma, Yunden; Ge, Ri-Li; Kubo, Keishi

doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.45.1733

Cited by 41 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Leptin is responsible for sending information to the hypothalamus concerning the amount of energetic resources in the organism [33], inhibiting the appetite and increasing energetic waste through the induction of an increased lipid oxidation rate [34]. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between the circulating levels of this adipokine and the amount of adipose tissue in the body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged ingestion of ovalbumin diet by sensitized mice improves the metabolic consequences induced by experimental food allergy

Batista¹,

Pereira²,

Noviello³

et al. 2014

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SummaryThe prevalence of food allergy is rising in the western world. Allergen restriction is the chosen treatment in this condition, but continuous ingestion of the antigen has shown positive results in clinical trials. In a previous study, we have shown several allergic and metabolic alterations after 7 days of ovalbumin (OVA) ingestion by sensitized mice. The aim of this study was to investigate whether prolonged ingestion of antigen by sensitized mice would reverse the metabolic consequences caused by experimental food allergy. For this, allergic and metabolic parameters were analysed after prolonged ingestion of an OVA diet by OVA-sensitized mice. As shown previously, after 7 days of OVA consumption, sensitized mice showed increased serum levels of anti-OVA immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG1, aversion to the antigen ingestion, marked body and adipose tissue weight loss, followed by adipose tissue inflammation and decreased serum levels of adipokines, glucose and triglycerides. However, after 14 days of oral challenge, sensitized mice showed an anti-OVA IgE level similar to the mice that were only sensitized, but the specific IgG1 did not change. With this prolonged ingestion of OVA, sensitized mice were protected from OVA-induced anaphylaxis when the antigen was given systemically at a dose of 2 mg/animal. Moreover, various parameters analysed were significantly ameliorated, including adipose tissue inflammation, body and adipose tissue loss, as well as serum levels of adipokines and triglycerides. Therefore, our data suggest that prolonged ingestion of OVA by sensitized mice results in an improvement of the metabolic consequences caused by experimental food allergy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged ingestion of ovalbumin diet by sensitized mice improves the metabolic consequences induced by experimental food allergy

Batista¹,

Pereira²,

Noviello³

et al. 2014

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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“…Its expression at HA is crucial to promote muscle capillarity during training 46 . Leptin is produced by adipose tissue and is a major regulator of satiety and food intake [47][48] …”

Section: Hormonal Level At High Altitudementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its expression at HA is crucial to promote muscle capillarity during training 46 . Leptin is produced by adipose tissue and is a major regulator of satiety and food intake [47][48] . Studies in humans at HA or mice exposed to hypobaric hypoxia have reported increased, unchanged or decreased leptin levels 49 .…”

Section: Hormonal Level At High Altitudementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional requirement at high-altitude with special emphasises to behaviour of gastro-intestinal tract and hormonal changes

Naveen

Anusha

2017

Def. Life. Sc. Jl.

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8. The traditional classification of hypoxia has only two subgroups based on empirical observations i.e., chronic and acute hypoxia (Fig. 3). Acute hypoxia response occurs within minutes of exposure to a hypoxic environment i.e., symptoms occur in first few hours-days. Some of the symptoms are hyperventilation, insomnia, fatigue, dizziness and gastrointestinal disturbances. In chronic hypoxia, the term 'chronic' is used to indicate the time interval which ranges over weeks and months. However long term adaptation to hypoxia has been studied in human populations in Himalayas, Ethiopian and Andes over generation 9 . According to Best and Taylor 10 hypoxia is classified into four main type's i.e., Hypoxic hypoxia, anemic hypoxia, stagnant hypoxia and histotoxic hypoxia as shown in Fig. 4. Nutritional Requirement at High-altitude with Special Emphasis to ABSTRACTWhen people are exposed to the extreme environmental conditions, such as high altitude where there is decrease in temperature and partial pressure of oxygen induces fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite and increased cardiac output. Hence there is need to improve the appetite through the diet and digestion clout of the individual. In the present review paper the efficiency of digestion is compromised at high altitude is discussed. Also about, Hypoxia, resulting by decreased partial pressure of oxygen can be classified into acute hypoxia and chronic hypoxia based on the exposure time. There is increased formation of reactive oxygen species due to less oxygen available in the air at high altitude which leads to oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation caused by oxidative stress. Hypoxia is mediated through hypoxia inducible factors which maintain oxygen haemostasis in the body. At high altitude diet rich in carbohydrates have been found to be beneficial as it increases glucose metabolism. Requirement of nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C as well as micronutrients such as zinc, iron, selenium, copper and manganese will be required at high altitude. Hypoxia effect on the intestine leads to malabsorption and the lipid storage is stimulated and lipid catabolism is inhibited through β-oxidation. Defence Life Science Journal, Vol. 2, No. 2, April 2017, pp. 120-127, DOI : 10. Hypoxic hypoxia is caused when there is low oxygen tension in the inhaled air as a result of which the haemoglobin present in the erythrocyte cannot saturate the fully saturate with oxygen leading to lack of oxygen in arterial blood. This is one of the most serious forms of hypoxia. Anemic hypoxia is a less serious condition than hypoxic hypoxia and it may be caused by an insufficient transport function of the haemoglobin. Stagnant/ Circulatory hypoxia arises when the amount of oxygen reaching the tissue is inadequate. This turn leads to reduced rate of blood circulation thereby allowing accumulation of carbon dioxide in the tissue. Histotoxic hypoxia is a condition where there is normal amount of oxygen in the blood and under normal tension but the cells are unable to accept oxygen...

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“…The whole discussion is dominated by (fictive) risk assumptions, while some data suggest that intermittent hypoxia of moderate degree also has some benefit instead of risk for persons who are regular exposed as there are an amelioration of the lipid profile, insulin resistance, leptin, body weight, and others (e.g. Boyer and Blume, 1984;Azevedo 378 T. Küpper et al et al, 1995;Armellini et al, 1997;Grosfeld et al, 2002;Schobersberger et al, 2003;Simler et al, 2006;Yingzhong et al, 2006;Netzer et al, 2008). In conclusion, a more detailed specialized analysis of the individual exposure is necessary to provide adequate advice for health and safety.…”

Section: Problems With Present Guidancementioning

confidence: 99%

Work in Hypoxic Conditions-Consensus Statement of the Medical Commission of the Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA MedCom)

Küpper

Milledge

Hillebrandt³

et al. 2011

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene

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Objectives: The Commission gives recommendations on how to provide health and safety for employees in different kinds of low oxygen atmospheres. So far, no recommendations exist that take into account the several factors we have outlined in this report.Methods: The health and safety recommendations of several countries were analysed for their strength and deficiencies. The scientific literature was checked (Medline, etc.) and evaluated for relevance of the topic. Typical situations of work in hypoxia were defined and their specific risks described. Specific recommendations are provided for any of these situations.Results: We defined four main groups with some subgroups (main risk in brackets): short exposure (pressure change), limited exposure (acute altitude disease), expatriates (chronic altitude disease), and high-altitude populations (re-entry pulmonary oedema). For healthy unacclimatized persons, an acute but limited exposure down to 13% O 2 does not cause a health risk. Employees should be advised to leave hypoxic areas for any break, if possible. Detailed advice is given for any other situation and pre-existing diseases.Conclusions: If the specific risk of the respective type of hypoxia is taken into account, a pragmatic approach to provide health and safety for employees is possible. In contrast to other occupational exposures, a repeated exposure as often as possible is of benefit as it causes partial acclimatization. The consensus statement was approved by written consent in lieu of a meeting in July 2009.

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Regulation of Body Weight by Leptin, with Special Reference to Hypoxia-induced Regulation

Abstract: Since first cloned and reported by Zhang et al in 1994 (Nature 372:425)

Cited by 41 publications

References 48 publications

Prolonged ingestion of ovalbumin diet by sensitized mice improves the metabolic consequences induced by experimental food allergy

Prolonged ingestion of ovalbumin diet by sensitized mice improves the metabolic consequences induced by experimental food allergy

Nutritional requirement at high-altitude with special emphasises to behaviour of gastro-intestinal tract and hormonal changes

Work in Hypoxic Conditions-Consensus Statement of the Medical Commission of the Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA MedCom)

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