Regulation of autophagy by non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer

Abstract

Autophagy is a conserved cellular self-digesting process that degrades obsoleting proteins and cellular components and plays a crucial role in the tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance of various tumors such as gastric cancer (GC). As a hotspot in molecular biology, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes, such as autophagy. Increasing evidence indicate that various ncRNAs exert double roles in the initiation and progression of GC, either serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Recent studies have shown that some ncRNAs could modulate autophagy activity in GC cells, which would affect the malignant transformation and drug resistance. Whether the function of ncRNAs in GC is dependent on autophagy is undefined. Therefore, identifying the underlying moleculr targets of ncRNAs in autophagy pathways and the role of ncRNA-regulated autophagy in GC could develop new treatment interventions for this disease. This review summarizes the autophagy process and its role in GC, and the regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs, as well as focuses on the dual role of ncRNAs-mediated autophagy in GC, for the development of potential therapeutic strategies in GC patients.

An Overview of the Immune Modulatory Properties of Long Non-Coding RNAs and Their Potential Use as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer

“…The role of ncRNAs in tumorigenesis and immune response has been investigated widely in cancers. In these settings, ncRNAs regulate proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, immune response, and inflammation [35,69,83,84]. In colorectal cancer, it was reported that the tumor suppressor miR-195-5p promotes TAM polarization by suppressing NOTCH2 expression [85].…”

Immune Modulatory Long-Non-Coding RNA as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Cancer

“…The role of ncRNAs in tumorigenesis has been investigated in a wide array of cancers. In this setting, ncRNAs regulate proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, immune response, and inflammation (17,(27)(28)(29). In colorectal cancer, it was reported that tumor suppressor miR-195-5p promotes TAM polarization by the suppression of NOTCH2 expression (30).…”