“…The cerebellum has been implicated in several cognitive functions and neuropsychiatric disorders, which are more typically associated with the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia ( Tsai et al, 2012 ; Hariri, 2019 ; Schmahmann et al, 2019 ). Although it is widely assumed that such nonmotor functions are mediated by the cerebellar hemispheres and their connections with the thalamus ( Strick et al, 2009 ; Buckner, 2013 ; Wang et al, 2014 ; De Schutter, 2019 ), increasing functional and anatomical evidence points to roles for the vermis ( Schmahmann and Sherman, 1998 ; Watson et al, 2009 ; Halko et al, 2014 ; Watson et al, 2014 ; Zhang et al, 2016 ; Wagner et al, 2017 ; Badura et al, 2018 ; Xiao et al, 2018 ; Albazron et al, 2019 ; Brady et al, 2019 ; Watson et al, 2019 ; Kelly et al, 2020 ) an evolutionarily old portion of the cerebellum best known for its influence on brainstem circuits for posture and eye movements ( Chambers and Sprague, 1955 ; Ohtsuka and Noda, 1991 ). Structural and functional abnormalities of the vermis have been associated with various psychiatric disorders and conditions, including autism, schizophrenia, mood disorders, chronic pain, and addiction ( Weinberger et al, 1980 ; Courchesne et al, 1988 ; Sweeney et al, 1998 ; Strakowski et al, 2005 ; Andreasen and Pierson, 2008 ; Moulton et al, 2010 ; Fatemi et al, 2012 ; Moulton et al, 2014 ).…”