Regulation of amino acid utilization in Neurospora crassa: effect of nmr-1 and ms-5 mutations

DeBusk, R M; Ogilvie, Susan

doi:10.1128/jb.160.2.656-661.1984

Cited by 37 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…NMR is not believed to be activated directly by glutamine, but another, still unknown, factor must bind glutamine and lead to nitrogen repression. Thus, mutations of nmr-1 allow production of these enzymes in the presence of glutamine, NH 4 or glutamate (DeBusk and Ogilvie, 1984). In addition to the positively acting nit-2 nitrogen control gene of N. crassa, a negatively acting nmr control gene exists.…”

Section: Ur/utasementioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic regulation and overproduction of primary metabolites

Sánchez

Demain

2008

Microbial Biotechnology

146

103

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SummaryOverproduction of microbial metabolites is related to developmental phases of microorganisms. Inducers, effectors, inhibitors and various signal molecules play a role in different types of overproduction. Biosynthesis of enzymes catalysing metabolic reactions in microbial cells is controlled by well‐known positive and negative mechanisms, e.g. induction, nutritional regulation (carbon or nitrogen source regulation), feedback regulation, etc. The microbial production of primary metabolites contributes significantly to the quality of life. Fermentative production of these compounds is still an important goal of modern biotechnology. Through fermentation, microorganisms growing on inexpensive carbon and nitrogen sources produce valuable products such as amino acids, nucleotides, organic acids and vitamins which can be added to food to enhance its flavour, or increase its nutritive values. The contribution of microorganisms goes well beyond the food and health industries with the renewed interest in solvent fermentations. Microorganisms have the potential to provide many petroleum‐derived products as well as the ethanol necessary for liquid fuel. Additional applications of primary metabolites lie in their impact as precursors of many pharmaceutical compounds. The roles of primary metabolites and the microbes which produce them will certainly increase in importance as time goes on. In the early years of fermentation processes, development of producing strains initially depended on classical strain breeding involving repeated random mutations, each followed by screening or selection. More recently, methods of molecular genetics have been used for the overproduction of primary metabolic products. The development of modern tools of molecular biology enabled more rational approaches for strain improvement. Techniques of transcriptome, proteome and metabolome analysis, as well as metabolic flux analysis. have recently been introduced in order to identify new and important target genes and to quantify metabolic activities necessary for further strain improvement.

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Section: Ur/utasementioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic regulation and overproduction of primary metabolites

Sánchez

Demain

2008

Microbial Biotechnology

146

103

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“…crassa can be induced through addition of L-amino acids to nitrogen-starved cultures as well as addition of protein synthesis inhibitors or D-amino acids [ 12 , 13 ]. LAAO expression was regulated by NIT2 and the nmr gene product at transcriptional level [ 14 ]. Besides LAAO in N .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Regulation Genes Involved in the Expression of L-Amino Acid Oxidase in Pseudoalteromonas sp. Rf-1

Lin

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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Bacterial L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) is believed to play important biological and ecological roles in marine niches, thus attracting increasing attention to understand the regulation mechanisms underlying its production. In this study, we investigated genes involved in LAAO production in marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. Rf-1 using transposon mutagenesis. Of more than 4,000 mutants screened, 15 mutants showed significant changes in LAAO activity. Desired transposon insertion was confirmed in 12 mutants, in which disrupted genes and corresponding functionswere identified. Analysis of LAAO activity and lao gene expression revealed that GntR family transcriptional regulator, methylase, non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, TonB-dependent heme-receptor family, Na+/H+ antiporter and related arsenite permease, N-acetyltransferase GCN5, Ketol-acid reductoisomerase and SAM-dependent methytransferase, and their coding genes may be involved in either upregulation or downregulation pathway at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational and/or posttranslational level. The nhaD and sdmT genes were separately complemented into the corresponding mutants with abolished LAAO-activity. The complementation of either gene can restore LAAO activity and lao gene expression, demonstrating their regulatory role in LAAO biosynthesis. This study provides, for the first time, insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating LAAO production in Pseudoalteromonas sp. Rf-1, which is important to better understand biological and ecological roles of LAAO.

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“…Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) and nitrogen metabolite repression (NMR), which cooperatively ensure glucose and ammonium are utilized preferentially by preventing the expression of genes required for the metabolism of less preferred carbon and nitrogen sources, are the most important nutrient control laws in the microbial world [37,38]. Protease, as an important participant in the nitrogen source cycle, has been proved to be regulated by nitrogen regulators Are1/AreA/NIT2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The GATA-Type Transcriptional Factor Are1 Modulates the Expression of Extracellular Proteases and Cellulases in Trichoderma reesei

Qian

Sun

Zhong

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Trichoderma reesei is a biotechnologically important filamentous fungus with the remarkable ability to secrete large amounts of enzymes, whose production is strongly affected by both the carbon and nitrogen sources. While the carbon metabolism regulators are extensively studied, the regulation of enzyme production by the nitrogen metabolism regulators is still poorly understood. In this study, the GATA transcription factor Are1, which is an orthologue of the Aspergillus global nitrogen regulator AREA, was identified and characterized for its functions in regulation of both protease and cellulase production in T. reesei. Deletion of the are1 gene abolished the capability to secrete proteases, and complementation of the are1 gene rescued the ability to produce proteases. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the transcripts of protease genes apw1 and apw2 were also significantly reduced in the Δare1 strain when grown in the medium with peptone as the nitrogen source. In addition, deletion of are1 resulted in decreased cellulase production in the presence of (NH4)2SO4. Consistent with the reduction of cellulase production, the transcription levels of the major cellulase genes, including cbh1, cbh2, egl1, and egl2, were dramatically decreased in Δare1. Sequence analysis showed that all promoter regions of the tested protease and cellulase genes contain the consensus GATA elements. However, the expression levels of the major cellulase transcription activator Xyr1 and the repressor Cre1 had no significant difference between Δare1 and the parental strain QM9414, indicating that the regulatory mechanism deserves further investigation. Taken together, these results demonstrate the important role of Are1 in the regulation of protease and cellulase production in T. reesei, although these processes depend on the kind of nitrogen sources. The findings in this study contribute to the understanding of the regulation network of carbon and nitrogen sources in filamentous fungi.

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Regulation of amino acid utilization in Neurospora crassa: effect of nmr-1 and ms-5 mutations

Cited by 37 publications

References 28 publications

Metabolic regulation and overproduction of primary metabolites

Metabolic regulation and overproduction of primary metabolites

Exploring Regulation Genes Involved in the Expression of L-Amino Acid Oxidase in Pseudoalteromonas sp. Rf-1

The GATA-Type Transcriptional Factor Are1 Modulates the Expression of Extracellular Proteases and Cellulases in Trichoderma reesei

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