Regulation of Adult Neurogenesis and Plasticity by (Early) Stress, Glucocorticoids, and Inflammation

Lucassen, Paul J.; Oomen, Charlotte A.; Naninck, E.F.G.; Fitzsimons, Carlos P.; Dam, Anne‐Marie van; Czéh, Boldizsár; Kőrösi, Anikó

doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a021303

Cited by 126 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…The age-related decline in neurogenesis is also accompanied by an age-related decline in cognitive function (Bolognin et al, 2014). Alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis have also been reported in a number of neurodegenerative diseases (AD and Huntington's disease) (Choi et al, 2014a;Moon et al, 2014;Perry et al, 2012), neurological diseases (epilepsy, ischaemia and traumatic brain injury) (D'Alessio et al, 2015;Matsuda et al, 2015;Villasana et al, 2014) and neuropsychiatric conditions (stress and depression) (Boldrini et al, 2012;Lucassen et al, 2015;Miller and Hen, 2015). Deficits in cognitive function have also been reported in some of these conditions.…”

Section: Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exercise as a pro-cognitive, pro-neurogenic and anti-inflammatory intervention in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease

Ryan

Kelly

2016

Ageing Research Reviews

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a b s t r a c tIt is now well established, at least in animal models, that exercise elicits potent pro-cognitive and proneurogenic effects. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the leading causes of dementia and represents one of the greatest burdens on healthcare systems worldwide, with no effective treatment for the disease to date. Exercise presents a promising non-pharmacological option to potentially delay the onset of or slow down the progression of AD. Exercise interventions in mouse models of AD have been explored and have been found to reduce amyloid pathology and improve cognitive function. More recent studies have expanded the research question by investigating potential pro-neurogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. In this review we summarise studies that have examined exercise-mediated effects on AD pathology, cognitive function, hippocampal neurogenesis and neuroinflammation in transgenic mouse models of AD. Furthermore, we attempt to identify the optimum exercise conditions required to elicit the greatest benefits, taking into account age and pathology of the model, as well as type and duration of exercise.© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Please cite this article in press as: Ryan, S.M., Kelly, Á.M., Exercise as a pro-cognitive, pro-neurogenic and anti-inflammatory intervention in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res. Rev. (2016), http://dx

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Section: Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exercise as a pro-cognitive, pro-neurogenic and anti-inflammatory intervention in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease

Ryan

Kelly

2016

Ageing Research Reviews

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“…Adult neurogenesis has been extensively described as a key function of the hippocampus that is sensitive to the effects of stress 33,35,114 . Chronic stress procedures for 2–8 weeks, such as chronic social defeat 24 , unpredictable chronic mild stress 20,115–117 , chronic immobilization 118 , prenatal stress 119,120 and early life stress 121 , reduce neurogenesis in rodents.…”

Section: Neurogenesis Mood and Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive flexibility — linking memory and mood

2017

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Adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been implicated in cognitive processes, such as pattern separation, and in the behavioural effects of stress and antidepressants. Young adult-born neurons have been shown to inhibit the overall activity of the dentate gyrus by recruiting local interneurons, which may result in sparse contextual representations and improved pattern separation. We propose that neurogenesis-mediated inhibition also reduces memory interference and enables reversal learning both in neutral situations and in emotionally charged ones. Such improved cognitive flexibility may in turn help to decrease anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviour.

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“…The current hypothesis is that this broad sensitivity of precursor cell proliferation is nonspecific, whereas survivalpromoting effects depend on specifically hippocampal functional stimuli. Lucassen et al (2015), , and Song et al (2015) expand on this idea.…”

Section: Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurogenesis in the Adult Hippocampus

Kempermann

Song²,

Gage

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

696

543

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Of the neurogenic zones in the adult brain, adult hippocampal neurogenesis attracts the most attention, because it is involved in higher cognitive function, most notably memory processes, and certain affective behaviors. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is also found in humans at a considerable level and appears to contribute significantly to hippocampal plasticity across the life span, because it is regulated by activity. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis generates new excitatory granule cells in the dentate gyrus, whose axons form the mossy fiber tract that links the dentate gyrus to CA3. It originates from a population of radial glia-like precursor cells (type 1 cells) that have astrocytic properties, express markers of neural stem cells and divide rarely. They give rise to intermediate progenitor cells with first glial (type 2a) and then neuronal (type 2b) phenotype. Through a migratory neuroblast-like stage (type 3), the newborn, lineage-committed cells exit the cell cycle and enter a maturation stage, during which they extend their dendrites into a the molecular layer and their axon to CA3. They go through a period of several weeks, during which they show increased synaptic plasticity, before finally becoming indistinguishable from the older granule cells.

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Regulation of Adult Neurogenesis and Plasticity by (Early) Stress, Glucocorticoids, and Inflammation

Cited by 126 publications

References 171 publications

Exercise as a pro-cognitive, pro-neurogenic and anti-inflammatory intervention in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease

Exercise as a pro-cognitive, pro-neurogenic and anti-inflammatory intervention in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive flexibility — linking memory and mood

Neurogenesis in the Adult Hippocampus

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