Regulation of Adaptive Tumor Immunity by Non-Coding RNAs

Papaioannou, Eleftheria; González-Molina, María Del Pilar; Prieto-Muñoz, Ana M; Gámez-Reche, Laura; González-Martín, Alicia

doi:10.3390/cancers13225651

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…There are mainly two types of ncRNA characterized by their length: small ncRNAs and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs). Small ncRNAs include ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), microRNA (miRNA), circular RNA, and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) ( Zhang et al, 2019a ; Papaioannou et al, 2021 ). lncRNAs include intergenic lncRNAs, intronic ncRNAs, and sense and antisense lncRNAs.…”

Section: Bladder Cancer and Non-coding Rnas (Ncrnas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-coding RNA and autophagy: Finding novel ways to improve the diagnostic management of bladder cancer

2023

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Major fraction of the human genome is transcribed in to the RNA but is not translated in to any specific functional protein. These transcribed but not translated RNA molecules are called as non-coding RNA (ncRNA). There are thousands of different non-coding RNAs present inside the cells, each regulating different cellular pathway/pathways. Over the last few decades non-coding RNAs have been found to be involved in various diseases including cancer. Non-coding RNAs are reported to function both as tumor enhancer and/or tumor suppressor in almost each type of cancer. Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder is the second most common urogenital malignancy in the world. Over the last few decades, non-coding RNAs were demonstrated to be linked with bladder cancer progression by modulating different signalling pathways and cellular processes such as autophagy, metastasis, drug resistance and tumor proliferation. Due to the heterogeneity of bladder cancer cells more in-depth molecular characterization is needed to identify new diagnostic and treatment options. This review emphasizes the current findings on non-coding RNAs and their relationship with various oncological processes such as autophagy, and their applicability to the pathophysiology of bladder cancer. This may offer an understanding of evolving non-coding RNA-targeted diagnostic tools and new therapeutic approaches for bladder cancer management in the future.

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Section: Bladder Cancer and Non-coding Rnas (Ncrnas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-coding RNA and autophagy: Finding novel ways to improve the diagnostic management of bladder cancer

2023

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“…Noncoding RNAs can be divided into small noncoding RNAs and lncRNAs; while lncRNAs consist of long intergenic noncoding RNAs, long intronic noncoding RNAs, antisense RNAs, and enhancer RNAs in light of the location related to protein-coding genes and enhancer regulatory elements [9]. LncRNAs can execute various complex biological functions at the RNA level via interactions between other DNAs, RNAs, and proteins [36].…”

Section: The Effect Of Lncrna Hulc On Gbm Cells Was Mediated By Mir-128mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of RNA that can exert biological functions via interacting with other RNAs, DNAs, and proteins at the mRNA level without being translated into proteins. The functions of lncRNAs include epigenetic chromosome modi cations, transcription, and post-transcriptional regulation [9] as well as effects on the biological activity of tumor and immune cells [10], epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cytoskeleton integrity [11,12]. Besides, lncRNAs can regulate the expression of downstream genes by sponging microRNAs (miRs) and participating in various signaling pathways in tumorigenesis [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LncRNA HULC promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma cells through microRNA-128- and tenascin-R-mediated regulation of PI3K/AKT pathway

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an extremely aggressive and malignant tumor of the central nervous system in adults. Therefore, understanding its pathogenesis is urgently needed. This study aimed to investigate the role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) highly upregulated in liver cancer (HULC) in GBM. The levels of lncRNA HULC and proteins in PI3K/AKT pathway in GBM tissues were measured. Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyze the survival. An in-vivo tumor xenograft model in mice was constructed and monitored. In GBM SGH44 and U87 cells, the proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle and apoptosis, cellular expression of proteins in PI3K/AKT pathway, and that of lncRNA HULC and microRNA (miR)-128 were determined. The interactions between lncRNA HULC, miR-128, and tenascin-R (TNR) were verified. The result showed lncRNA HULC was an oncogene that can promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in human GBM tissue, orthotopic transplantation in mice, and GBM cell lines. LncRNA HULC was further confirmed to affect TNR expression via sponging miR-128 and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway to promote cell proliferation in GBM. LncRNA HULC can affect the expression of TNR protein, activate the PI3K/AKT pathway, promote GBM cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and inhibit apoptosis mediated by miR-128.

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“…Overexpression or downregulation of ncRNAs in immune cells was recognized as a specific biomarker of the immune response that can predict cancer progression 30 . ncRNAs that drive immune regulation and functions are promising biomarkers for measuring the impact of immunotherapy and predicting disease prognosis 31 . In patients with lung cancer, distinct miRNAs, such as miR‐125b, miR‐21, miR‐99a, miR‐30b, miR‐939, miR‐31, miR‐19b and miR‐15b, were found to exhibit significant dysregulation within T helper 1 cells (Th1) when compared to T cells from healthy donors 32 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐coding RNAs in cancer immunotherapy: Predictive biomarkers and targets

Alahdal,

Elkord

2023

Clinical & Translational Med

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BackgroundTo date, standardising clinical predictive biomarkers for assessing the response to immunotherapy remains challenging due to variations in personal genetic signatures, tumour microenvironment complexities and epigenetic onco‐mechanisms.Main bodyEarly monitoring of key non‐coding RNA (ncRNA) biomarkers may help in predicting the clinical efficacy of cancer immunotherapy and come up with standard predictive ncRNA biomarkers. For instance, reduced miR‐125b‐5p level in the plasma of non‐small cell lung cancer patients treated with anti‐PD‐1 predicts a positive outcome. The level of miR‐153 in the plasma of colorectal cancer patients treated with chimeric antigen receptor T lymphocyte (CAR‐T) cell therapy may indicate the activation of T‐cell killing activity. miR‐148a‐3p and miR‐375 levels may forecast favourable responses to CAR‐T‐cell therapy in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. In cancer patients treated with the GPC3 peptide vaccine, serum levels of miR‐1228‐5p, miR‐193a‐5p and miR‐375‐3p were reported as predictive biomarkers of good response and improved overall survival. Therefore, there is a critical need for further studies to elaborate on the key ncRNA biomarkers that have the potential to predict early clinical responses to immunotherapy.ConclusionThis review summarises important predictive ncRNA biomarkers that were reported in cancer patients treated with different immunotherapeutic modalities, including monoclonal antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, cancer vaccines and CAR‐T cells. In addition, a concise discussion on forthcoming perspectives is provided, outlining technical approaches for the optimal utilisation of immunomodulatory ncRNA biomarkers as predictive tools and therapeutic targets.

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Regulation of Adaptive Tumor Immunity by Non-Coding RNAs

Cited by 5 publications

References 86 publications

Non-coding RNA and autophagy: Finding novel ways to improve the diagnostic management of bladder cancer

Non-coding RNA and autophagy: Finding novel ways to improve the diagnostic management of bladder cancer

LncRNA HULC promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma cells through microRNA-128- and tenascin-R-mediated regulation of PI3K/AKT pathway

Non‐coding RNAs in cancer immunotherapy: Predictive biomarkers and targets

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